Mitigation

Question 1

Def

Answer 1

measures envisaged in order to avoid, reduce and, if possible, remedy significant adverse effects (of a proposed project) …

Question 2

Mitigation Measures

Answer 2

Avoid

Reduce

Remedy

Question 3

Avoidance

Answer 3

Alternative design

Alternative siting

Question 4

Avoidance example

Answer 4

• Resiting
• BAT/BATNEEC
• Recycling or containing site waste for safe removal and disposal off site
• Limiting/controlling site access (routes) and construction/operation times to avoid
  environmental disturbance at sensitive locations/times
• Establishment/ maintenance of buffer zones to shield/protect sensitive features of the
  environment.

Question 5

Reduction

Answer 5

Dimisch/minimise the cause

Reduce/minimise the exposure

Question 6

Reduction example

Answer 6

• Sensitive design and landscaping of structures to minimise visual/disturbance impactsincluding the provision of access corridors for wildlife
• Sensitive construction/operation to minimise likely sources of pollution (BATNEEC)
• Minimisation of social/disturbance impacts through efficient use of existing infrastructure (facilities in towns; use of efficient transport to access site; limited on site
  development)
• Use of bunds, wind breaks, silt basins, temporary planting to minimise potential for spillage, erosion, pollution, disturbance, etc.

Question 7

Remedy

Answer 7

Repair

Rehabilitation

Restoration

Reloctaion

Replacement

Question 8

Remedy example

Answer 8

• Agricultural land used for storage of construction material; subsequently fullyrestored/repaired (cf. Burren car parks)
• Eskers used for gravel extraction; subsequently rehabilitated to agricultural or wetland use
• Stream/River dammed or diverted for road building; subsequently restored to it natural course, bed and bank condition
• Hedgerow/Woodland trees removed for site access; replaced with new native plantings once temporary development completed

Question 9

Relocation

Answer 9

• Relocation of archaeological artefact/site from path of development
• Relocation/replanting of natural vegetation for similar reasons
• Local provision or alternative plantings of native vegetation to replace natural habitat lost to development (Habitat Creation)
• Rehabilitation of landfill/tailings site (Habitat Creation?)
• Rehabilitation of vegetation destroyed on paths/access

Question 10

Application of Mitigation

Answer 10

involve consideralbe Costs (BATNECC, Restoration)

or little costs by changing the timing of construction, alterntaive staorage arrangements

Many projects dropped bacuase of the costs (outweight the benefits)

developers will emplay CBA (Cost Benefit Analysis)

Question 11

Hierachy of Mitigation

Answer 11

• avoidance of impact at source
• reduction of impact at source
  (eg. waste reduction)
• reduction of impact on site
  (eg. waste treatment)
• reduction of impact at site of impact
• remedy of impact
• compensation in kind
• other compensation

Question 12

In practise

Answer 12

Why?
What?
Who?
Where?
When?

Monitoring to ensure the success of the mitigation measures