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VET433: Dermatology > Mites > Flashcards

Mites Flashcards

1
Q

demodex

A

commensal mite found in hair follicles of mammals

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2
Q

demodex transmission

A

direct contact

transmitted from dam during nursing in first 2-3 days

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3
Q

pathogenesis of demodicosis

A

overgrowth of mites within hair follicles

in healthy animals - innate immune system controls demodex populations in the skin

in immunocompromised animals - unable to control population –> demodicosis

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4
Q

canine demodicosis species

A

d. canis
d. injai

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5
Q

D. canis

A

commensal in hair follicles of dogs

shorter tail (~1x body length)

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6
Q

D. injai

A

not commensal; found in sebaceous glands of terrier breeds

longer tail (~2x body length)

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7
Q

clinical signs of D. canis demodicosis

A
  • alopecia (focal to multifocal/generalized)
  • minimal to NO pruritus
  • folliculitis
  • papules, pustules
  • comedones
  • +/- erythema
  • secondary bacterial infection
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8
Q

localized demodicosis - signalment

A

juvenile onset
3 to 6 months

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9
Q

localized demodicosis - pathogenesis

A

immature immune system unable to regulate demodex populations

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10
Q

localized demodicosis lesions

A

1-4 areas of focal alopecia +/- erythema

lesions <2.5 cm
most often located on face or front limbs

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11
Q

generalized demodicosis - signalment

A

juvenile or adult onset

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12
Q

generalized demodicosis pathogenesis

A

multifocal or generalized overgrowth of demodex mites

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13
Q

generalized demodicosis lesions

A

multifocal, patchy, or generalized alopecia w/ erythema

variable pruritus usually only seen if secondary infection present

some dogs may be systemically ill

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14
Q

juvenile onset demodicosis

A

dogs ranging from 3 months to 2 years

staffies, sharpeis, frenchies, pitties, boxers, bostons

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15
Q

what causes juvenile onset demodicosis

A

genetic defect leading to a dynsfunction in control of demodex

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16
Q

juvenile onset demodicosis lesions

A

multifocal, patchy alopecia
nodules
draining tracts

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17
Q

adult onset demodicosis

A

dogs > 2 years

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18
Q

what causes adult onset demodicosis

A

immunosuppression - systemic illness vs medication induced

diseases: cushings, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia

drugs: corticosteroids, apoquel

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19
Q

adult onset demodicosis lesions

A

marked erythema
ulcerations
hemorrhagic crusting
deep secondary infections

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20
Q

pododemodicosis

A

demodicosis affecting the front paws or all 4 paws ONLY

erythema, hyperpigmentation, swelling, nodules, draining tracts

SIGNIFICANT swelling of the paws

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21
Q

what breed of dog is most affected by demodex injai

A

terrier breeds

22
Q

clinical signs of D. injai

A

moderate to severe pruritus
greasy dorsal stripe
NO alopecia

23
Q

diagnostics for demodex

A
  • signalment and history
  • PE (alopecia vs greasy dorsal stripe)
  • deep skin scraping
  • trichoscopy
  • acetate tape
  • histopathology
24
Q

treatment for localized demodicosis

A

benign neglect
OR
topical therapy (benzoyl peroxide, topical antiseptics)

25
Q

treatment for generalized demodicosis

A
  1. isoxazolines (flea/tick medication)
  2. topical +/- systemic antibiotics

continue treatment for 1 month after 2 negative skin scrapings

26
Q

how to monitor treatment progress of demodicosis

A

repeat deep skin scrapings from same locations once monthly

27
Q

what is considered a negative skin scraping

A

NO mites present (not even dead mites)

28
Q

prognosis for demodicosis

A

good with owner compliance

some may require lifelong therapy

29
Q

what species of demodex affect cats

A

D cati
D gatoi

30
Q

D. cati

A

commensal found in hair follicles in cats

31
Q

D. gatoi

A

not commensal; found in stratum corneum

32
Q

signalment for feline demodex

A

D. cati: very sick cats
D. gatoi: cats in warm, humid climates + multicat households

33
Q

clinical signs of feline demodicosis

A

D. cati: non-pruritic patchy/multifocal alopecia

D. gatoi: mild to marked pruritus, alopecia from self trauma/overgrooming

34
Q

diagnostics for feline demodicosis

A

D. cati: deep skin scraping
D. gatoi: superficial skin scraping, fecal float

35
Q

treatment for feline demodicosis

A

fluralaner (bravecto) topical

36
Q

what species of mite causes sarcoptic mange

A

sarcoptes scabiei

37
Q

how is sarcoptes transmitted

A

direct transmission from infected host (wild canids) or environment

SHORT life cycle - 3 to 4 weeks

38
Q

pathogenesis of sarcoptes

A

adult females burrow tunnels and lay eggs in the stratum corneum causing a type I hypersensitivity reaction

39
Q

clinical signs of sarcoptic mange

A
  • extremely severe pruritus
  • non to poorly responsive to corticosteroids
  • signs of self trauma (erythema, papules, alopecia, excoriations, scaling, crusts, lichenification)
40
Q

distribution of sarcoptes

A

ear margins, legs, elbows, hocks, ventrum

41
Q

diagnosis of sarcoptes

A

clinical signs (SEVERE pruritus) + pathognomonic distribution

pinnal-pedal reflex
superficial skin scrapings

42
Q

treatment for sarcoptes

A

isoxazolines

rapid mite die off may cause hypersensitivity reaction
- treat with prednisone x3-4 days

43
Q

cheyletiellosis

A

“walking dandruff”

lives on the surface layer of skin, crawls around the hair and feeds on the skin

44
Q

what species of cheyletiella affects cats

A

C. blakei

45
Q

what species of cheyletiella affects dogs

A

C. yasguri

46
Q

is cheyletiella contagious between individuals of the same species

A

yes

NOT transmitted between different species

47
Q

clinical signs of cheyletiella

A

multifocal to diffuse heavy scaling to crusting
miliary dermatitis (cats)
walking dandruff appearance
mild to severe pruritus

48
Q

distribution of cheyletiella lesions

A

dorsal

49
Q

diagnosis of cheyletiella

A

history (no flea protection)
clinical signs
acetate tape
superficial skin scrapings

can monitor response to empiric treatment

50
Q

treatment of cheyletiella

A

isoxazolines

VET433: Dermatology (5 decks)

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