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VET433: Dermatology > Mites > Flashcards

Mites Flashcards

1
Q

demodex

A

commensal mite found in hair follicles of mammals

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2
Q

demodex transmission

A

direct contact

transmitted from dam during nursing in first 2-3 days

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3
Q

pathogenesis of demodicosis

A

overgrowth of mites within hair follicles

in healthy animals - innate immune system controls demodex populations in the skin

in immunocompromised animals - unable to control population –> demodicosis

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4
Q

canine demodicosis species

A

d. canis
d. injai

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5
Q

D. canis

A

commensal in hair follicles of dogs

shorter tail (~1x body length)

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6
Q

D. injai

A

not commensal; found in sebaceous glands of terrier breeds

longer tail (~2x body length)

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7
Q

clinical signs of D. canis demodicosis

A
  • alopecia (focal to multifocal/generalized)
  • minimal to NO pruritus
  • folliculitis
  • papules, pustules
  • comedones
  • +/- erythema
  • secondary bacterial infection
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8
Q

localized demodicosis - signalment

A

juvenile onset
3 to 6 months

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9
Q

localized demodicosis - pathogenesis

A

immature immune system unable to regulate demodex populations

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10
Q

localized demodicosis lesions

A

1-4 areas of focal alopecia +/- erythema

lesions <2.5 cm
most often located on face or front limbs

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11
Q

generalized demodicosis - signalment

A

juvenile or adult onset

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12
Q

generalized demodicosis pathogenesis

A

multifocal or generalized overgrowth of demodex mites

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13
Q

generalized demodicosis lesions

A

multifocal, patchy, or generalized alopecia w/ erythema

variable pruritus usually only seen if secondary infection present

some dogs may be systemically ill

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14
Q

juvenile onset demodicosis

A

dogs ranging from 3 months to 2 years

staffies, sharpeis, frenchies, pitties, boxers, bostons

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15
Q

what causes juvenile onset demodicosis

A

genetic defect leading to a dynsfunction in control of demodex

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16
Q

juvenile onset demodicosis lesions

A

multifocal, patchy alopecia
nodules
draining tracts

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17
Q

adult onset demodicosis

A

dogs > 2 years

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18
Q

what causes adult onset demodicosis

A

immunosuppression - systemic illness vs medication induced

diseases: cushings, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia

drugs: corticosteroids, apoquel

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19
Q

adult onset demodicosis lesions

A

marked erythema
ulcerations
hemorrhagic crusting
deep secondary infections

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20
Q

pododemodicosis

A

demodicosis affecting the front paws or all 4 paws ONLY

erythema, hyperpigmentation, swelling, nodules, draining tracts

SIGNIFICANT swelling of the paws

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21
Q

what breed of dog is most affected by demodex injai

A

terrier breeds

22
Q

clinical signs of D. injai

A

moderate to severe pruritus
greasy dorsal stripe
NO alopecia

23
Q

diagnostics for demodex

A
  • signalment and history
  • PE (alopecia vs greasy dorsal stripe)
  • deep skin scraping
  • trichoscopy
  • acetate tape
  • histopathology
24
Q

treatment for localized demodicosis

A

benign neglect
OR
topical therapy (benzoyl peroxide, topical antiseptics)

25
treatment for generalized demodicosis
1. isoxazolines (flea/tick medication) 2. topical +/- systemic antibiotics continue treatment for 1 month after 2 negative skin scrapings
26
how to monitor treatment progress of demodicosis
repeat deep skin scrapings from same locations once monthly
27
what is considered a negative skin scraping
NO mites present (not even dead mites)
28
prognosis for demodicosis
good with owner compliance some may require lifelong therapy
29
what species of demodex affect cats
D cati D gatoi
30
D. cati
commensal found in hair follicles in cats
31
D. gatoi
not commensal; found in stratum corneum
32
signalment for feline demodex
D. cati: very sick cats D. gatoi: cats in warm, humid climates + multicat households
33
clinical signs of feline demodicosis
D. cati: non-pruritic patchy/multifocal alopecia D. gatoi: mild to marked pruritus, alopecia from self trauma/overgrooming
34
diagnostics for feline demodicosis
D. cati: deep skin scraping D. gatoi: superficial skin scraping, fecal float
35
treatment for feline demodicosis
fluralaner (bravecto) topical
36
what species of mite causes sarcoptic mange
sarcoptes scabiei
37
how is sarcoptes transmitted
direct transmission from infected host (wild canids) or environment SHORT life cycle - 3 to 4 weeks
38
pathogenesis of sarcoptes
adult females burrow tunnels and lay eggs in the stratum corneum causing a type I hypersensitivity reaction
39
clinical signs of sarcoptic mange
- extremely severe pruritus - non to poorly responsive to corticosteroids - signs of self trauma (erythema, papules, alopecia, excoriations, scaling, crusts, lichenification)
40
distribution of sarcoptes
ear margins, legs, elbows, hocks, ventrum
41
diagnosis of sarcoptes
clinical signs (SEVERE pruritus) + pathognomonic distribution pinnal-pedal reflex superficial skin scrapings
42
treatment for sarcoptes
isoxazolines rapid mite die off may cause hypersensitivity reaction - treat with prednisone x3-4 days
43
cheyletiellosis
"walking dandruff" lives on the surface layer of skin, crawls around the hair and feeds on the skin
44
what species of cheyletiella affects cats
C. blakei
45
what species of cheyletiella affects dogs
C. yasguri
46
is cheyletiella contagious between individuals of the same species
yes NOT transmitted between different species
47
clinical signs of cheyletiella
multifocal to diffuse heavy scaling to crusting miliary dermatitis (cats) walking dandruff appearance mild to severe pruritus
48
distribution of cheyletiella lesions
dorsal
49
diagnosis of cheyletiella
history (no flea protection) clinical signs acetate tape superficial skin scrapings can monitor response to empiric treatment
50
treatment of cheyletiella
isoxazolines

VET433: Dermatology (5 decks)

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