Mistakes Flashcards
What can cause a continuous murmur in coarctation of the aorta?
Increases collateral vessels to bypass the coarctation, for example engorged intercostal arteries
What other diseases/defects is coarctation of the aorta associated with
Turners and Bicuspid valves
What are some major side effects of statins
myopathy and hepatitis
How I can tell theres blood vessel necrosis taking place on a histo slide?
BRIGHT pink staining, cells missing nuclei, blah blah, but bright pink staining mostly
What organ systems does polyangiitis nodosa typically affect?
Kidney, liver, skin, nervous system, GI
MOA of -sartan drugs
Angiotension II receptor blockers (competitive inhibitors)
what are the levels of RAAS proteins in treatment with ARB’s
Inc. Renin
Inc, Angiotensinogen
Inc. Angiotensin I and II
Dec. aldosterone
What parts of the heart does the PDA (of RCA) supply blood to?
The posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum and the most inferior part of the left ventricle
What parts of the heart does the LAD supply blood to?
-anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
- anterior wall of LV
- Anterior papillary muscle
What parts of the heart does the LCX supply blood to?
-lateral LV wall
-Superior LV wall
What parts of the heart does the right marginal artery supply blood to?
Wall of RV
How does hyperthyroidism affect the heart
-Increased contractility
-Increased heart rate
-Peripheral vasodilation
Simple definition of afterload
The pressure the heart must overcome to eject blood during systole
How does Laplace law affect afterload
(Laplace’s law → higher pressure or larger ventricle = more afterload)
What keeps someone from undergoing an MI when they have a stable near occlusion athleroscerotic plaque?
-Slow growing plaque
-Collateral circulation from healthy vessels to ischemic cardio tissue
What body molecules reverse the effects of RAAS, and what are those effects?
BNP and ANP
-vasodilation
-diuresis
-dec. aldosterone
Describe the step in which NO is produced
1) Acetylcholine,bradykinin, or sheer stress bind to receptors
2) Increased Calcium
3) Leads to activated of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)
4) Arginine + O2 —> NO + citrulline
What a.a. is needed to synthesize NO
Arginine
What a.a. is given to try to increase NO vasodilation
Arginine
What drug is most commonly used to treat nosocomial infections
Vancomycin
What drug is used to treat coagulase neg. staphylococci
Vancomycin
What drugs are used to treat human valve endocarditis?
Nafcillin or oxacillin
What drugs is used to treat prosthetic valve endocarditis
Vancomycin
What factors contribute to the formation of edema
Increases capillary hydrostatic pressure
Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
Obstruction/impaired lymphatic drainage
MOA of niacin for treating hyperlipidemia?
Increases HDL levels
Decreased LDL, triglyceride levels
