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MRCP > Mistakes > Flashcards

Mistakes Flashcards

1
Q

What is power (stats)?

A

The probability of detecting a statistically significant difference

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2
Q

When is a Student’s paired t-test used?

A

When comparing related or matched samples, or repeated measurements on a single sample i.e. patients cholesterol before and after receiving a lipid lowering therapy. the measurements are taken from the same individuals§

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3
Q

What respiratory physiological change may be expected from multiple PEs

A

Reduced TLCO - recurrent PE can cause areas of lung to be poorly perfused and ventilated

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4
Q

What is a Holmes-Adie Pupil?

A

A benign condition seen in women. It is a common differential for a dilated pupil

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5
Q

What is associated with Holmes-Adie puils?

A

Dilated pupil, females, absent leg reflexes

Unilateral in 80%

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6
Q

What is conduction aphasia?

A

where speech is fluent but repetition is poor. Comphrehension is relatively intact

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7
Q

What type of infarct is conduction aphasia associated with?

A

Arcuate fasciculus in dominant hemisphere - between wernickes and brocas area

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8
Q

Equation for Absolute Risk Reduction

A

Absolute risk reduction = control event rate - experimental event rate

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9
Q

What do prominent v waves on JVP represent?

A

tricuspid regurgitation

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10
Q

Which HLA is Sjogren’s syndrom associated with?

A

HLA-DR3

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11
Q

What bacteria are most common cause of neutropaenic sepsis?

A

staph epi and gram positive, coagulase negative bacteria

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12
Q

Which diabetic medication can cause a B12 deficiency?

A

Metformin - alters small bowel motility

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13
Q

What part of the cell cycle, G1, M, G2, S, does Vincristine act on?

A

M - inhibits tubulin polymerisation and spindle formation

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14
Q

What additional treatment should be given to those with meningeal tuberculosis

A

Prednisolone

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15
Q

What is vitamin C also known as?

A

Ascorbic acid

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16
Q

What monitoring is required for starting hydroxychloroquine?

A

Visual acuity and fundoscopy - may result in severe and permanent retinopathy

17
Q

What antibiotic is given for tetanus?

A

Metronidazole

18
Q

What does the presence of DIC without any underlying cause in a young patient suggest?

A

Acute promyelocytic Leukaemia

19
Q

What chromosome translocation is associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia?

A

T15:17

20
Q

What condition is associated with bilateral vestibular schwannomas?

A

NFM type 2

21
Q

Where is glucose reabsorbed in the kidney?

A

Proximal convuluted tubule

22
Q

Weakness of the deltoid and biceps muscle suggests injury to which brachial plexus nerve?

A

C5

23
Q

Which blood pressure medication can interfere with testing for primary hypoaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome)?

A

Ramipril/ ACEi’s - interferes with the RAAS system

24
Q

What can high urea levels indicate?

A

An Upper GI bleed

25
Q

What is the treatment for toxoplasmosis?

A

Immunocompetent patients - nothing; immune incompentent patients - pyrimethamine

26
Q

Specificity equation?

A

True negative / (true negative + false positive)

27
Q

Which hormone is only secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

Adrenaline

28
Q

Which condition causes a cape-like loss of pain and temperature sensation?

A

Syringomyelia

29
Q

Which spinal tract is affected by syringomyelia

A

Spinothalamic tract decussating the anterior white commisure of the spine

30
Q

What blood tests are used to monitor treatment in haemochromatosis?

A

Ferritin and transferrin saturation

31
Q

What is the positive predictive value?

A

PPV = True Positive / (true positive + false positive)

32
Q

What test can be used to test if there is a difference between two sets of data when not normally distributed?

A

Mann-Whitney U test - measure ordinal, interval or ratio scales of unpaired data i.e. patients ranking treatment effectiveness in a control vs drug group

33
Q

What bacteria are associated with human bites?

A

streptoccoci, staph aureus, eikonella corrodens

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

A

Inhibits 50s subunit of ribosomes

35
Q

What score is used to assess a patients risk of pressure sores?

A

Waterlow score

36
Q

What is associated with Von Hippel Lindau disease?

A

Retinal and cerebellar hemangiomas, renal cysts which may become renal cell carcinoma and phaeochromocytoma

37
Q

What is the mode of inheritance for Marfan’s syndrome?

A

Autosommal dominant

38
Q

Most common organism in bronchiectasis pneumonia?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

39
Q
A

MRCP (1 decks)

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