Missed rosh - GI Flashcards
Which pathogen that frequently causes gastroenteritis in children can be vaccinated against?
Rotavirus
are antidiarrheal agents such as loperamide, diphenoxylate-atropine, and bismuth recommened in the treatment of acute gastritis?
NO
Along with oral rehydration, what is recommenede in patients with mild-to-moderate dehydration and persistent vomiting that interferes with oral rehydration in acute gastritis?
Ondansetron (anti-emetic)
dermatitis herpetiforms is a specific dermatologic finding in what GI dz?
Celiac
what are the classic symptoms of celiac disease?
chronic bloating, abdominal pain, steatorrhea, weight loss, FTT
what is the initial serologic test for celiac?
Tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (tTG-IgA)
other serology: antiendomysial antibodies, deamidated gliadin peptides antibodies
If initial celiac antibody tests are positive, what is needed for confirmation?
upper GI endoscopy and biopsy of suodenal mucosa –> shows flatting or complete loss of intestinal villi
What is the dermatologic manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease that is characterized by multiple painful red nodules commonly found on the shins?
Erythema nodosum
what are the risk factors for pyloric stenosis
- premature birth
- maternal smoking
- macrolide abx use
what electrolyte derrangement is seen in pyloric stenosis
hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
dt high amnt of gastric HCL lost during frequent episodes of vomiting
what is the tx for pyloric stenosis
surgery (pyloromyotomy), fluid & electrolyte replacement
What is a common physical exam finding for patients with intussusception?
A sausage-shaped mass to the right upper quadrant
what is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction between 6 and 36 months of age?
intussusception
*most commonly involves the ileocecal jxn
what is the classic triad of intusseption?
- colicky abdominal pain
- vomiting (sausage-shaped abd mass)
- bloody stools (currant jelly)
What is both diagnostic and therapeutic for intussusception?
barium contrast/air enema
*patient must be stablized w IV fluids if signs of volume depletion before this
surgery required if refractory to enema or if perforated
hat is the pathophysiology for Hirschsprung disease?
Absence of enteric ganglion cells, which leads to functional intestinal obstruction
Which acid and base abnormality is most common in children with diarrhea?
Metabolic acidosis because of the bicarbonate lost in stool.
what is the test of choice to dx lactose intolerance?
hydrogen breath testing
‘double bubble’ sign is the classic imaging finding of what dz?
duodenal atresia
what is the presentation of duodenal atresia?
- vomiting in the first or second day of life
- vomiting may be bilious
- frequently have other congenital abnormalities (down syndrome)
kayser-fleischer rings in the cornea are pathognomonic for what?
Wilson disease
what is hirschsprung disease
congenital aganglionic megacolon –> motility disorder of the gut dt loss of ganglion cells in the distal colon resulting in a functional obstruction
what is the presentation of hirschsprung dz?
- ~first 48 hrs of life
- meconium ileus
- bilious vomiting and abdominal distention
- signs of enterocolitis
squirt sign (explosive expulsion of gas and stool after DRE) is seen in what dz?
Hirschsprung dz
what are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency
dark skin pigmentation, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, prematurity, and limited intake of vitamin D-fortified foods
what are imaging findings of intestinal malrotation
clearly misplaced duodenum with the ligament of Treitz on the right side of the abdomen, a duodenum with a corkscrew appearance, or duodenal obstruction with a dilated stomach and proximal duodenum or a beak appearance if volvulus is present
when does colic resolve?
colic resolves in 90% of cases by 9 weeks of age
