Missed Questions Flashcards
Pure word deafness results from ___.
- destruction of primary auditory cortex
- damage to auditory radiations
- bilateral disconnection of auditory receptive areas from Wernicke’s area
- disconnection of Wernicke’s area from semantic regions of the anterior temporal lobe
- B/L disconnection of auditory receptive areas from Wernicke’s area
This lesion prevents the speech signal from undergoing phonologic decoding in Wernicke’s area, but leaves intact sound decoding of nonspeech sounds.
Which route of administration causes most rapid central nervous system penetration by opioids or stimulants?
- smoking
- inhalation/nasal
- injection
- rectal
- injection
opioids and stimulants cross the BBB most readily when injected
In contrast to women with multiple sclerosis, men with the disease may show ___.
- greater cognitive impairment
- more relapses
- less neurological deterioration
- fewer lesions on MRI
- greater cognitive impairment
although men tend to get MS less frequently than women, they more frequently show progressive disease courses with more cognitive impairment
greater cognitive impairment and disability; less evidence of inflammation on MRI
Which of the following would be expected to show the lowest vulnerability to the effects of anoxia/hypoxia?
- areas supplied by the lenticulostriate arteries
- watershed regions between major arteries
- regions with high metabolic demand
- area of bifurcation of the major branches of the middle cerebral artery
- area of bifurcation of the major branches of the MCA
areas of bifurcation of major cerebral arteries show higher risk for stroke, but are less vulnerable than the other regions listed to the effects of anoxia/hypoxia
Which statement best defines cerebral palsy?
- group of brain-based disorders characterized by motor impairments
- disease process that results in abnormal motor control
- group of disorders that causes primary damage to the muscles
- umbrella term for disorders that result from perinatal hypoxia
- brain-based disorders characterized by motor impairments
CP is not considered a disease. It is caused by primary damage to the brain and most often results from prenatal causes
Social cognition (SC) is a relatively new area of study in epilepsy, despite the high incidence of comorbidity between ASD and epilepsy. Studies have shown that, even among persons with epilepsy who do not have ASD, that emotional recognition and theory of mind are affected. Which of the following is true about social cognition in persons with epilepsy?
- SC is adversely affected in temporal lope epilepsy but not other epilepsy syndromes
- SC is normal in persons with temporal lobe epilepsy but affected in other syndromes
- SC is affected in persons with temporal lobe epilepsy and other epilepsy syndromes
- SC is affected in children with epilepsy but is age dependent and generally normal in adults
- SC is affected in person with both temporal lobe epilepsy and other epilepsy syndromes
SC is disrupted by underlying neural networks supporting cognition as well as cognitive and psychosocial factors. problems with SC develop in childhood and persist into adulthood due to a combination of factors beyond pathology including limited opportunity to engage with peers, learn and practice social skills.
Depression following moderate to severe TBI in adults is not associated with:
- Increased cognitive impairment
- Poor functional outcome
- Alcohol use disorders
- Greater injury severity
Greater injury severity. Depression is the most common psych problem following TBI (20-40% during first year; 50% lifetime). Prevalence of depression does not increase based on severity of TBI. Risk factors: minority status, unemployment, low income, low EDU, and ETOH abuse. Associated with increased cognitive impairment, reduced psychomotor speed, and less favorable outcome.
Besides cognitive dysfx, which of the following would you most expect to occur in chronic, untreated vitamin B12 deficiency?
- delusions
- ideomotor apraxia
- resting tremor
- impaired proprioception
Impaired proprioception. Symptoms of Vit B12 defx: anemia, weakness, fatigue, mood changes, memory loss, and disorientation. Patients may have impaired tactile recognition of pressure and vibration, difficulty walking, and peripheral tingling or numbness due to damage to the dorsal sections and lateral pyramidal tracts in the spinal cord. Sustained defx typically leads to irreversible damage and may be marked by depression, irritability, impaired attention, hallucinations, and symptoms suggestive of dementia, but tremor, delusions, and apraxia are not associated with B12 defx.
In vascular dementia, delusions and visual hallucinations ____.
- suggest a toxic or metabolic cause
- occur in a sizable minority of patients
- suggest mixed dementia
- are considered to be quite rare
occur in a sizable minority of patients. Hallucinations and delusions do not occur in the majority of patient with vascular dementia but they are not rare.
Their presence does not signify anything about etiology.
Which of the following domains is generally less affected in children following anoxic brain injury?
- Bx regulation
- Visuospatial fx
- Attention span
- Verbal memory
Visuospatial fx. Anoxic brain injury in children tend to result in significantly impaired intellectual abilities, memory impairment, decreased attention span, and behavioral impairments whereas academic achievement, internalizing behavioral problems, and visuospatial deficits were generally less severe.
In the bx variant of FTD, Pick cells and bodies are commonly found; among other places, in the pyramidal cells of the ___.
- CA1 section and subiculum of the hippocampus
- CA1 and CA2 sections of the hippocampus
- CA2 and CA4 sections of the hippocampus
- CA4 and subiculum sections of the hippocampus
CA1 section and subiculum of the hippocampus Pick bodies and Pick cells are commonly found in the amygdala, dentate gyrus, pyramidal cells of the
CA1 section and subiculum of the hippocampus, hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus, dorsomedial region of the putamen, globus pallidus, locus ceruleus,
mossy fibers and monodendritic brush cells in the granule cell layer of the cerebellum, and frontal and temporal neocortex.
The risk of developing schizophrenia in females versus males is ___.
- increased
- decreased
- about the same
- unknown
Decreased.
Pyramidal cerebral palsy is associated with ___.
- dystonia
- athetosis
- spasticity
- ataxia
Spasticity. The other choices are associated with extrapyramidal Cerebral Palsy.
You are seeing a child for an evaluation of dyslexia. The most important areas for assessment include phonological awareness, decoding, ___.
- Single-word reading, and spelling
- visual scanning, and spelling
- reading comprehension and spelling
- reading letters in proper orientation and order
single-word reading, and spelling Dyslexia is a specific reading disorder characterized by deficits in phonological awareness, fluent decoding and word
reading, and spelling. It has nothing to do with visual processing or letter writing. Reading comprehension is affected, but the noted core deficits are key to
assessment.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is a treatment for what? (extends life expectancy)
Only treatment that extends life expectancy for those with adrenoleukodystrophy (rare genetic disease that causes buildup of fatty acids and causes the mylein sheath on neurons to be damaged; progressive and low life expectancy).
