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EPPP > Missed Questions > Flashcards

Missed Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder

A

complex attention, executive functioning, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, and social cognition.

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2
Q

Premotor Cortex

A

initiation and execution of limb movements.

Mirror neurons here associated with empathy and imitation. Possible implications for ASD.

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3
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

associated with primary auditory processing

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4
Q

Parietal Lobes

A

visual information and site of somatosensory processing.

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5
Q

Percentage of dementias attributable to Alzheimers

A

60-90%

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6
Q

General Principles of APA - 5 sections

A 
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Fidelity and Responsibility
Integrity
Justice
Respect for People's Rights and Dignity
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7
Q

Object Relations in infants

A

0-3 mos babies see themselves fused with mother

Separation-individualization stage begins around 4 months.

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8
Q

Nomological

A

not necessarily logical but still taken as true

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9
Q

Dynamic Systems Theory

A

Esther Thelen
all components of an individual (cognitive, emotional, physical, and social parts) work together so the individual can gain new skills. Any component change results in a dynamic reorganization.

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10
Q

Murray Bowen

A

Known for conceptualizations of Family Systems therapy and his ideas regarding differentiation of the individual from others in the family system.

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11
Q

Jay Haley

A

Responsible for the approach to family therapy that attempts to identify a problem and then works within the family’s framework to find a solution to the problem. STRATEGIC FAMILY THERAPY

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12
Q

Salvador Minuchin

A

Known for contributions to structural family therapy, which focuses on the family as a system. Therapist examines structural components of family (communication patterns) and suggests change in these areas.
Family Map - set of rules established between family members.
Enactment - roleplay technique meant to illustrate interactions
Reframing - seeks to reinterpret the meaning of behavior

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13
Q

Adlerian psychotherapy

A

Views individuals in a holistic way. Regards healthy living as governed by the way an individual connects to the family, community, and/or society. Child’s perception of role is extremely important.

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14
Q

Intergroup Prejudice

A

The idea that prejudice is a complicated matter involving history, culture, economy, and many other factors. Allport

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15
Q

Kelman

A

Known for work on the effects of society on behavior

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16
Q

Sherif and Asch

A

Known for work on effects of social conformity on behavior.

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17
Q

Drive Theory

A

Clark Hull. Based on belief that internal drives, such as biological needs, motivate behavior. Over time, behaviors are shaped based on how effective they are at reducing the drive - if effective, this increases probability of behavior in the future. Individuals work to maintain constant balance or homeostasis, if disturbed, action is taken to restore it.

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18
Q

Psychoanalytical Model

A

Healthy living viewed as moving smoothly through the stages of development rather than becoming stuck in a stage.

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19
Q

Gestalt Model

A

Healthy living is learning from experience rather than engaging in repetitive patterns of behavior. People are defined by their surroundings, family, memories, and social networks.

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20
Q

Analytical Model

A

Views healthy living as finding a balance between different aspects of people’s lives. Based on assumption that symptoms are a product of the clients whole personality, not his or her environment. Considers relationship between client and therapist as the basic prototype of the general structure of the client’s relationship pattern. Basic techniques include confession (recalling personal experiences), ciucidation (having insight), education (improvement of personal health), and transformation (self-actualization).

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21
Q

Impression formation

A

aka Social Cognition. The study of how people make sense of their social world. Schemata.

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22
Q

2 stages of appraisal - Lazarus

A

primary - threat of the stimulus is identified in a general sense.
secondary - identifies resources and options that may be available to cope with the stimuli.

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23
Q

Orbitiofrontal Cortex

A

aggressive and disinhibited behaviors are associated with damage here.
Has strong connections to amygdala.
Provides inhibitory influence on impulsive emotional responses.

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24
Q

Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum

A

Responsible for the coordination and rhythm of movement.

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25
Q

Density Intensity Hypothesis

A

Suggests that crowds increase positive experiences and make unpleasant experiences more negative. Attempt to explain crowding on individuals. Deaux & Wrightsman.

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26
Q

Crowding Theory

A

Refers to any theory that alludes to the state of mind that occurs when people are surrounded by many other people.

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27
Q

Medical or Train models

A

uses earlier status features to predict a later outcome (genetic features, temperaments, other factors)

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28
Q

Environmental Models

A

Development occurs as a result of environmental forces acting on the individual.

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29
Q

Interactional Models

A

Take both the characteristics of the child and the environment into account to explain current and future behaviors.

30
Q

Confrontative Coping

A

Yalom & Leszcz. 11 therapeutic benefits to group therapy. installation of hope, universality, learning and conveying information, altrusim, corrective recapitulation of one’s family of origin, development of social skills, the opportunity to initiate behavior, processing, existential-related concerns, cohesiveness within the group, catharsis, and interpersonal learning.

31
Q

Circular questioning

A

Term from Strategic Family Therapy - refers to a technique of comparing different responses to an identical question.

32
Q

Racial identity salience

A

Extent to which an individual’s race is currently a relevant part of his or her self-concept. Part of the Black Racial Identity Development model.

33
Q

Frustration-Aggression hypothesis

A

Proposes that when the ability to achieve a desired goal is blocked, aggression is the result of frustration. The aim of the aggression is to remove the barrier to reaching the goal, but if this is not possible, the aggression is taken out elsewhere.

34
Q

Long Term Memory

A

declarative (conscious) memory
implicit (unconscious) memory
emotional (affective) memory

35
Q

Insanity Defense Reform Act

A

Passed in 1984 - requires proof that the accused did not know what he or she was doing at the time of a crime. Burden of proof is on the accused.

36
Q

Rogers Criminal Responsibility Assessment Scales

A

facilitates process of evaluating if a defendant has the mental capacity to intend to commit a crime.

37
Q

Meiosis

A

Process by which reproductive cells reproduce. Mitosis occurs when a cell divides into a copy of itself.

38
Q

The Cass Identity Model

A

developed in 1979 - model of gay identity development
6 stages
identity confusion, identity comparison, identity tolerance, identity acceptance, identity pride, and identity synthesis.

39
Q

The Gay Identity Acquisition Model

A

4 stages

40
Q

Transactional Model

A

Sameroff. Development as a result of reciprocal social interactions occurring over time between the individual and his or her surroundings. Equal emphasis on the individual and the environment, and emphasizes that deficits within the individual can impact development as well as deficits in interpersonal relationships.

41
Q

Helms’ White Racial Identity Model

A

6 phases. Each stage has a certain information-processing status (IPS)
1 contact status
2 disintegration status
3 reintegration status
4 pseudo-independence status
5 - immersion-emersion status - explore what it means to be white and confront their own biases and begin to explore and understand ways that they benefit from white privlage. (hypervigilance and reshaping of beliefs.)
6 - internalization stage

42
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

Theory of emotional experience identifies emotional experiences taking place within the brain, which then influence behavior. The theory centers around the thalamus (sensory relay area involved in emotional processing).

43
Q

Somatic marker hypothesis (SMH)

A

Relatively new emotional theory that focuses on the emotion and its role in decision-making. Based on observations of individuals who have had brain damage and are sometimes unable to draw on emotions to direct future behavior.
Decision making is influenced by marker signals that arise from conscious and unconscious operations and includes various somatic changes such as heart rate, blood pressure, and glandular secretion. These responses “mark” potential behavior choices as good or bad.

44
Q

Dimensional Model of emotion

A

considers emotions to be a combination of several dimensions of physiological and psychological phenomena.

45
Q

Basic Emotion Model

A

Theorizes that all emotions can be described by a small group of specific emotions such as happy and sad

46
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

A

Asserts the client is the expert on his or her own experiences, not that they are defined by their environments.

47
Q

Existential therapy

A

relies on notion that individuals’ perceptions of the world differ, and therapeutic interventions should be viewed within each individual’s worldview rather than the view of his or her social or cultural context.

48
Q

3 levels of PASS Model

A

Regulation of attention
receipt and retention of information
programming of behavior

Based on Luria 3 level theory of higher cortical functions.

Pass Model asserts that brain is composed of interdependent systems with separate functions.

49
Q

Antagonist

A

blocks the effects of agonists on the system but have no effect of it’s own unless the agonist is also present. Used to change effects of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.

50
Q

Action Potential

A

Neurotransmitters are released by the axon of one neuron and bind to the receptors of another. This causes postsynaptic excitation, and when it reaches a minimum threshold, the neuron fires what is called an action potential. This causes the neuron to send the neural signal down its axon.

51
Q

Statistical Power

A

Refers to probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis. it is calculated by subracting a type II beta error from 1.

52
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory

A

Oral, phallic (3-6), anal, latent
Development of gender identity depends highly on the successful resolution of psychosexual crisis during the phallic phase more than any other.

53
Q

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor (Birth to 2) Coordinate sensory experience with physical actions
Preoperational (2-7) Children use words, images, and drawings to understand the world and develop their sense of reason.
Concrete Operational (7-11) Children can reason logically in specific of concrete examples.
Formal Operational (11-15) final stage characterized by abstract, idealistic, and logical thinking.

54
Q

Primary Motor cortex

A

located in the frontal lobe, governs motor movements.

55
Q

Z Score

A

(x-M)/SD

56
Q

Contemplative Theory

A

focuses on individual interventions, such as yoga and meditation. (in other contexts besides family therapy?_

57
Q

The Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model

A

Atkinson, Morten, and Sue. 5 Stages - conformity, dissonance, resistance and immersion, introspection, and integrative awareness.

58
Q

The Black Racial Identity Development Model

A

4 stages: pre-encounter stage, encounter stage, immersion-emersion stage, and internalization stage.

59
Q

Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) Model

A

Baltes - describes 3 factors that are critical across the life span: selection of goals, optimization of activities to pursue these goals, and adjustment of goals.

Premise is that utilization of these 3 factors help provide basis for adaptive functioning and positive development.

60
Q

Holland’s 6 Dimensions

A

Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional

61
Q

Jungian Psychotherapy (Analytical)

A

The 4 tenets are the soul, the unconscious, the client-therapist, relationship, and self-improvement.
People unknowingly adopt thoughts from society and that is important to become aware of what these beliefs are.

62
Q

Temperament

A

Rothbart and Bates 3 Dimensions

Extraversion/surgency
Negative affectivity
Effortful control or self-regulation

63
Q

Attachement

A

secure, avoidant, and ambivalent/resistant

64
Q

Moral Development

A

broken into stages that define different forms of moral thinking by individuals

65
Q

Attentional Load Theory

A

Helps explain the relationship of facilitative and inhibitory mechanisms at work in the brain. Explains how reduction of interference caused by distractors is greatest when processing demands to the stimulus are highest.

66
Q

Stroop Effect

A

Shows how attention to objects take precedence over attention to attributes.

67
Q

Field Therapy

A

Behavior is affected both by the person and the environment. Lewin (first social psych to recognize the importance of the environment).

68
Q

LOTS

A

Life events, observational, testing, and self-report. (John and Bennet-Martinez 2000). Used when choosing which data is going to be the data of primary interest in a particular study.

69
Q

Social Influence

A

3 effects: compliance, identification, and internalization. Kelman. When people change their behavior to obtain a reward or avoid punishment, compliance occurs. Identification occurs when there is a behavioral change because of desired acceptance. Internalization is acceptance of a belief, attitude, or behavior that is expressed publicly and privately.

70
Q

ADDRESSING

A 
Acronym that can help people remember the areas of holding or not holding privilege within the American power system. 
A - Age and generation
D - development
D - disabilities
R - religion
E - ethnicity
S - socioeconomic status
S - sexual orientation
I - indigenous heritage
N - national origin
G - gender
71
Q

Fatal agranulocytosis

A

dangerously low level of white blood cells, which can occur when using clozapine (patients on this medication may have frequent cell counts done)

EPPP (2 decks)

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