Missed Questions Flashcards
benzyl alcohol
produces gasping syndrome in neonates
for an O/W emulsion, which is in the dispersed phase and in the continuous phase?
Oil is continuous
Water is dispersed
For injection meaning
the contents of the vial need to be diluted before administration
single dose vials
contain no perservatives
what type of dosage form can not be injected directly into the blood?
oil-based solution
bulk liquid
chapters over 1000
informational only
chapters under 1000
mandatory
match inactive ingredient to agent
ascorbic acid, EDTA, benzyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, sodium bisulfite
chelating agent, preservative (x3), antioxidant
ascorbic acid –> antioxidant
EDTA –> chelating agent
benzyl alcohol –> perservative
benzalkonium chloride –> perservative
sodium bisulfite –> perservative
solution dosage forms
good bioavailability
easy to manufacture
absorbed more quickly than suspension
content uniformity
butylated hydroxytoulene (BHT)
delays oxidation by reacting free radicals
calcium and phosphate
can lead to extremely dangerous risk to patients if admixing is not performed properly
how to minimize tissue irritation?
reduce the volume of administered solution
chapter 797 contains
microbial contamination
excessive bacterial endotoxins
variability in the intended strength of correct ingredients
ingredients of inappropriate quality
suspensions and parenteral injections
cannot be via IV
can be via IM
Which one is true if a is 18G2(1/2) and b is 27G3?
a is longer and has a larger bore diameter
b is longer and has a larger bore diameter
a is longer and has a smaller bore diameter
b is longer and has a smaller bore diameter
a is longer and has a larger bore diameter
gauge is the diameter of the bore higher G, lower diameter
length of the needle shaft
sterilization eliminates
bacteria and bacterial endotoxins
squamous cells shed at what rate?
10^6 (1 million) or more per hour
what type of insertion requires surgical placement?
Hickman
Broviac
the tonicity and osmolarity question
certain iso-osmotic, pH-neutral infusates
red blood cells
are better equipped to handle hyper-osmotic solutions
what insertions are through the arm?
PICC
what insertions are through the chest?
VAP
Broviac
Hickman
W/O type emulsion example
an emulsion stabilized with fine particles of which contact angle is 135
same mechanisms
sodium lauryl sulfate
span 80
sodium stearate
polysorbate 60
what should a dispersed suspension look like?
cloudy
seen in a non-caking zone
1) suspension forms floccules
2) H2PO4 neutralized the surface charge of dispersed particles
3) suspension settles quickly to form a sediment that can be readily redispersed by shaking
4) suspension forms clear supernatant when settled
diluted bentonite magma (clay)
added to reduce repulsive forces between the drug particle
leads to settle quickly
suspension
used to enhance dissolution of poorly soluble drug
semipermeable membranes
allow water to diffuse across membrane at a controlled rate in osmotic devices
what accurately describes both reservoir diffusion and matrix diffusion systems?
a) Zero order release rate
b) The coating/membrane thickness can be used to control the drug release rate
c) All particles contain uniform coating thicknesses to ensure proper release
d) Drug diffuses through a polymeric matrix or a semipermeable membrane
e) All of the above
D) drug diffuses through a polymeric matrix or a semipermeable membrane
matrix erosion device
has a release rate impacted by a dissolving polymer
matrix diffusion system
the amount of released drug (M) is proportional to the square root of time
if the pH of a parenteral preparation differs significantly (by more than 2 pH units) from the physiological pH,
it is better to use dilute buffers than concentrated buffers for controlling the pH
benzoic acid
preservative most effected by solution pH in preservative activity
relavant to protein aggregation
relatively high surface to volume ratio
syringe lubricants
oil droplets
shear by syringe plunger
NuvaRing diffusion system
reservoir diffusion system showing zero-order release kinetics
amphiphilic molecules
self-assembled into micelles in water
paclitaxel can be loaded in the hydrophobic core part of the structure
condensation polymerization
elongated polymer chains are randomly crosslinked
the structure in the figure describes a polymer. which is not relevant?
a) a homopolymer
b) synthetic polymer
c) repeating unit is -CH2-
e) called polyethylene
repeating unit is -CH2-
relevant to transdermal delivery
drugs with low dose requirements are suitable
drugs with a molecular weight <1000 Da and high O/W partition coefficients are suitable
hydrated skin is easier for a drug to penetrate than dry skin
electroporation can enhance skin permeability by creating transient pores in the skin by a high voltage electrical pulse
ulactoglobulin solution graph
if this drug is administered by SQ injection, which uses a small volume of vehicle, there is a good change that the drug will aggregate
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)
have light and heavy chains
produced in mammalian cells to achieve posttranslational glycosylation
have disulfide bonds
two types of nanomedicine
a is a liposome
2 indicates a hydrophobic space
hydropropyl guar
prolongs the residence time in the eys
