Missed Q's

Question 1

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis fetalis)

Answer 1

Result of fetal red blood cell destruction by mom antibodies against Rh+

Presents with anemia, jaundice, generalized edema (hydrops fetalis) and release of immautre, nucleated erythrocytes w/ extramedullary hematopoesis

Question 2

Rivaroxaban

Answer 2

Inhibits Factor Xa, used in venous thrombosis and atrial fibrillation

Question 3

Remember that Hemophilia A and B are

Answer 3

X-linked recessive

Question 4

Kupffer cells

Answer 4

Sign of iron overload

Yellowish-brown cytoplasmic granules

Question 5

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Answer 5

Blue-violet skin plaquq, associated with HIV+ patients, caused by HSV-8

Question 6

Methotrexate leads to increase in

Answer 6

Dihydrofolic acid polyglutamate

Question 7

Methrotrexate structurally like

Answer 7

Folic Acid

Question 8

Schilling test

Answer 8

Performed to identify the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency

Low absorption of cobalamin not corrected by IF indicates malabsorptive syndromes

Question 9

Effects of liver disease on Coag factors

Answer 9

7 has the shortest half life, so they die the fastest.

Question 10

Vomiting Reflex receptors

Answer 10

Muscarinic M1
Dopaminergic D2
Histaminic H1
Serotonergic 5-HT3
Neurokin 1 NK1

Question 11

Abciximab blocks

Answer 11

GPIIbIIIa receptors on platelets, which bind fibrin

Question 12

Polycythemia vera is a _______ disorder characterized by uncontrolled _______ production with a mutation in _____

Answer 12

Myeloproliferative, erythrocyte, JAK2 (tyrosine kinase cytoplasmic receptor associated with EPO receptors)

Question 13

Polycythema Vera presents with

Answer 13

Aquagenic pruritus, facial plethoera and splenomegaly

Question 14

Chronic myeloproliferative disorders, such as Polycythema vera, essential thrombocytosis and primary myelofibrosis often have am utation in

Answer 14

v617F, the cytolasmic tyrosine kinase, Janus Kinase 2 which results in constitutibe tyrosine kinase activity

Question 15

Transketolase and transaldolase carry out _______ of the _____

Answer 15

nonoxidative reactions, HMP shunt

Helps synthesize ribose from fructose 6 phoshate (a nonoxidative reaction)

Question 16

BRCA 1 and BRCA2 are involved in

Answer 16

DNA repair

Question 17

Late step derangements of the porphryn synthesis leads to ________, whereas early derangement leads to ______ manifestations

Answer 17

photosensitivity, neuropsychiatric

Question 18

Late stage porphryn derangement

Answer 18

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase = Porphyria cutanea tarda

Question 19

Early Stage Porphryn Derangement

Answer 19

Porphobilinogen deaminase (Acute intermittent porphyria)

Question 20

Raltegravir is

Answer 20

An integrase inhibitor that disrupts HIV genome integration into the host cell, prevention HIV mRNA synthesis

Question 21

Hodgins Lymphoma has _____ cells on lymph node biopsy

Answer 21

Reed-sternberg (owl eye) cells

Question 22

Hemolytic Uremic syndrome (HUS) presents with _______

Lab abnormalities are_______

Answer 22

Acute kidney injury, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia

Increased bleeding time, lactate dehydrogenasem bili, BUN and crea

Question 23

Lymphocytes with cytoplasmic projections are seen in

Answer 23

Hairy Cell leukemia

Question 24

What happens in hairy cell leukemia

Answer 24

Indolent b cell neoplasms infiltrate the bone marrow leading to fibrosis and bone marrow failure, leading to dry taps

And splenomegaly

Question 25

Desmopressin increases

Answer 25

vWF and Factor VIII

Question 26

How long do we store Vit B12?

Answer 26

Up to several years as opposed to the water based vitamins

Question 27

With regards to cancer, what is the effect of an overactive P450 pxidase system? And which enzyme particularly?

Answer 27

Increase risk of cancer, nd microsomal monoxygenase

Question 28

What is essential for the diagnosis of TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic prupura)?

Answer 28

Hemolytic anemia

Question 29

One common presentation of SCD, (sickle cell)

Answer 29

Dactylisis, which is painful swelling of hands and feet

Question 30

Polyclonal proliferation is _____ in lymph nodes, whereas monoclonal proliferation is _____

Answer 30

Normal, abnormal

Question 31

Von willebrand disease presents with _____ labs

Answer 31

increased PTT and bleeding time

Question 32

Aspiring irreversibly inhibits:

Answer 32

COX1 and COX2

Question 33

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody targetd against

Answer 33

CD20 (b cells)

Question 34

Mutations that result in a loss of _____ positive charge causes Hemoglobin A to resemble _____

Answer 34

2,3-BPG binding pocket, fetal hemoglobin

Question 35

Auer rods are deformed azurophilic granules found i nthe cytoplasm of myeloblasts that stain positive for:

Answer 35

myeloperoxidase

Question 36

____ often presents as a mediastinal mass that can cause respiratory syndromes, dysphagia or superior vena cava syndrome

Answer 36

T-ALL

Question 37

Li-fraumeni syndrome is caused by an AD mutation in tumor suppressor gene ____ and is associated with which tumors

Answer 37

TP53, Leukemia, sarcomas and tumors of the breat, brain and adrenal cortex

Question 38

HER2 is what kind of receptor, and which drug targets it

Answer 38

Tyrosine kinase and traztusumab

Question 39

BCL-2 normally does what

Answer 39

inhibits cell death cascade

Question 40

The underlying biochemical feature of megaloblastosis is a defect in

Answer 40

DNA synthesis

Question 41

Patients with hemochromatosis are at increased risk for

Answer 41

cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 42

What can cause a left shift (or increased o2 affinity) in the Hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Answer 42

Decreased temp, increased Ph, decreased 2,3 diphosphoglycerate

Question 43

What does the product of c-myc do

Answer 43

it is a trasncription activator

Question 44

What is tumor lysis syndrome?

Answer 44

Rapid turnover leading to hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia and hyperkalemia

Question 45

What does rasburicase do?

Answer 45

It reduces uric acid levels

Question 46

What are key growth factors that promote angiogenesis in neoplastic and granulation tissue?

Answer 46

VEGF and FGF

Question 47

What is charactertistic of granulomatosis with polyangiitis? (wegener's)

Answer 47

Nasal mucosal ulcerations and glomerulonpephritis

Question 48

Small vessel leukocytosis angiitis associated with IgA and C3 deposition is typical of

Answer 48

Henoch Schoenlein purpura (HSP)

Question 49

Two important opsonins

Answer 49

IgG and C3b

Question 50

Most important mediator of sepsis is:

Answer 50

TNF-a

Question 51

Calcineurin activates ___, which promotes ____

Answer 51

IL2, growth and differention of T cells

Question 52

Which drugs inhibit Calcineurin

Answer 52

Cyclosporine and tacrolimus

Question 53

Which drugs are contraindicated in hereditary angioedema

Answer 53

ACE inhibitors (increases bradykinin levels)

Question 54

When should first gen antihistamines be avoided?

Answer 54

Older patients with cognitive or functional impairments

Question 55

Polyhydramnios is a result of either

Answer 55

Insufficient fetal swallowing or urine overproduction

Question 56

Flat facial features, excessive skin at neck, ventricular septal defec, duodenal atresia

Answer 56

Downs trisomy 21

Question 57

The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is at risk during _____ and it inervates the _____

Answer 57

thyroidectory, cricothyroid