Missed Q's Flashcards
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis fetalis)
Result of fetal red blood cell destruction by mom antibodies against Rh+
Presents with anemia, jaundice, generalized edema (hydrops fetalis) and release of immautre, nucleated erythrocytes w/ extramedullary hematopoesis
Rivaroxaban
Inhibits Factor Xa, used in venous thrombosis and atrial fibrillation
Remember that Hemophilia A and B are
X-linked recessive
Kupffer cells
Sign of iron overload
Yellowish-brown cytoplasmic granules
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Blue-violet skin plaquq, associated with HIV+ patients, caused by HSV-8
Methotrexate leads to increase in
Dihydrofolic acid polyglutamate
Methrotrexate structurally like
Folic Acid
Schilling test
Performed to identify the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency
Low absorption of cobalamin not corrected by IF indicates malabsorptive syndromes
Effects of liver disease on Coag factors
7 has the shortest half life, so they die the fastest.
Vomiting Reflex receptors
Muscarinic M1 Dopaminergic D2 Histaminic H1 Serotonergic 5-HT3 Neurokin 1 NK1
Abciximab blocks
GPIIbIIIa receptors on platelets, which bind fibrin
Polycythemia vera is a _______ disorder characterized by uncontrolled _______ production with a mutation in _____
Myeloproliferative, erythrocyte, JAK2 (tyrosine kinase cytoplasmic receptor associated with EPO receptors)
Polycythema Vera presents with
Aquagenic pruritus, facial plethoera and splenomegaly
Chronic myeloproliferative disorders, such as Polycythema vera, essential thrombocytosis and primary myelofibrosis often have am utation in
v617F, the cytolasmic tyrosine kinase, Janus Kinase 2 which results in constitutibe tyrosine kinase activity
Transketolase and transaldolase carry out _______ of the _____
nonoxidative reactions, HMP shunt
Helps synthesize ribose from fructose 6 phoshate (a nonoxidative reaction)
BRCA 1 and BRCA2 are involved in
DNA repair
Late step derangements of the porphryn synthesis leads to ________, whereas early derangement leads to ______ manifestations
photosensitivity, neuropsychiatric
Late stage porphryn derangement
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase = Porphyria cutanea tarda
Early Stage Porphryn Derangement
Porphobilinogen deaminase (Acute intermittent porphyria)
Raltegravir is
An integrase inhibitor that disrupts HIV genome integration into the host cell, prevention HIV mRNA synthesis
Hodgins Lymphoma has _____ cells on lymph node biopsy
Reed-sternberg (owl eye) cells
Hemolytic Uremic syndrome (HUS) presents with _______
Lab abnormalities are_______
Acute kidney injury, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia
Increased bleeding time, lactate dehydrogenasem bili, BUN and crea
Lymphocytes with cytoplasmic projections are seen in
Hairy Cell leukemia
What happens in hairy cell leukemia
Indolent b cell neoplasms infiltrate the bone marrow leading to fibrosis and bone marrow failure, leading to dry taps
And splenomegaly
Desmopressin increases
vWF and Factor VIII
How long do we store Vit B12?
Up to several years as opposed to the water based vitamins
With regards to cancer, what is the effect of an overactive P450 pxidase system? And which enzyme particularly?
Increase risk of cancer, nd microsomal monoxygenase
What is essential for the diagnosis of TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic prupura)?
Hemolytic anemia
One common presentation of SCD, (sickle cell)
Dactylisis, which is painful swelling of hands and feet
Polyclonal proliferation is _____ in lymph nodes, whereas monoclonal proliferation is _____
Normal, abnormal
Von willebrand disease presents with _____ labs
increased PTT and bleeding time
Aspiring irreversibly inhibits:
COX1 and COX2
Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody targetd against
CD20 (b cells)
Mutations that result in a loss of _____ positive charge causes Hemoglobin A to resemble _____
2,3-BPG binding pocket, fetal hemoglobin
Auer rods are deformed azurophilic granules found i nthe cytoplasm of myeloblasts that stain positive for:
myeloperoxidase
____ often presents as a mediastinal mass that can cause respiratory syndromes, dysphagia or superior vena cava syndrome
T-ALL
Li-fraumeni syndrome is caused by an AD mutation in tumor suppressor gene ____ and is associated with which tumors
TP53, Leukemia, sarcomas and tumors of the breat, brain and adrenal cortex
HER2 is what kind of receptor, and which drug targets it
Tyrosine kinase and traztusumab
BCL-2 normally does what
inhibits cell death cascade
The underlying biochemical feature of megaloblastosis is a defect in
DNA synthesis
Patients with hemochromatosis are at increased risk for
cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
What can cause a left shift (or increased o2 affinity) in the Hemoglobin dissociation curve?
Decreased temp, increased Ph, decreased 2,3 diphosphoglycerate
What does the product of c-myc do
it is a trasncription activator
What is tumor lysis syndrome?
Rapid turnover leading to hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia and hyperkalemia
What does rasburicase do?
It reduces uric acid levels
What are key growth factors that promote angiogenesis in neoplastic and granulation tissue?
VEGF and FGF
What is charactertistic of granulomatosis with polyangiitis? (wegener’s)
Nasal mucosal ulcerations and glomerulonpephritis
Small vessel leukocytosis angiitis associated with IgA and C3 deposition is typical of
Henoch Schoenlein purpura (HSP)
Two important opsonins
IgG and C3b
Most important mediator of sepsis is:
TNF-a
Calcineurin activates ___, which promotes ____
IL2, growth and differention of T cells
Which drugs inhibit Calcineurin
Cyclosporine and tacrolimus
Which drugs are contraindicated in hereditary angioedema
ACE inhibitors (increases bradykinin levels)
When should first gen antihistamines be avoided?
Older patients with cognitive or functional impairments
Polyhydramnios is a result of either
Insufficient fetal swallowing or urine overproduction
Flat facial features, excessive skin at neck, ventricular septal defec, duodenal atresia
Downs trisomy 21
The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is at risk during _____ and it inervates the _____
thyroidectory, cricothyroid
