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Uworld Missed Questions > Missed Q's > Flashcards

Missed Q's Flashcards

1
Q

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis fetalis)

A

Result of fetal red blood cell destruction by mom antibodies against Rh+

Presents with anemia, jaundice, generalized edema (hydrops fetalis) and release of immautre, nucleated erythrocytes w/ extramedullary hematopoesis

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2
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Inhibits Factor Xa, used in venous thrombosis and atrial fibrillation

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3
Q

Remember that Hemophilia A and B are

A

X-linked recessive

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4
Q

Kupffer cells

A

Sign of iron overload

Yellowish-brown cytoplasmic granules

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5
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

Blue-violet skin plaquq, associated with HIV+ patients, caused by HSV-8

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6
Q

Methotrexate leads to increase in

A

Dihydrofolic acid polyglutamate

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7
Q

Methrotrexate structurally like

A

Folic Acid

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8
Q

Schilling test

A

Performed to identify the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency

Low absorption of cobalamin not corrected by IF indicates malabsorptive syndromes

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9
Q

Effects of liver disease on Coag factors

A

7 has the shortest half life, so they die the fastest.

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10
Q

Vomiting Reflex receptors

A 
Muscarinic M1
Dopaminergic D2
Histaminic H1
Serotonergic 5-HT3
Neurokin 1 NK1
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11
Q

Abciximab blocks

A

GPIIbIIIa receptors on platelets, which bind fibrin

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12
Q

Polycythemia vera is a _______ disorder characterized by uncontrolled _______ production with a mutation in _____

A

Myeloproliferative, erythrocyte, JAK2 (tyrosine kinase cytoplasmic receptor associated with EPO receptors)

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13
Q

Polycythema Vera presents with

A

Aquagenic pruritus, facial plethoera and splenomegaly

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14
Q

Chronic myeloproliferative disorders, such as Polycythema vera, essential thrombocytosis and primary myelofibrosis often have am utation in

A

v617F, the cytolasmic tyrosine kinase, Janus Kinase 2 which results in constitutibe tyrosine kinase activity

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15
Q

Transketolase and transaldolase carry out _______ of the _____

A

nonoxidative reactions, HMP shunt

Helps synthesize ribose from fructose 6 phoshate (a nonoxidative reaction)

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16
Q

BRCA 1 and BRCA2 are involved in

A

DNA repair

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17
Q

Late step derangements of the porphryn synthesis leads to ________, whereas early derangement leads to ______ manifestations

A

photosensitivity, neuropsychiatric

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18
Q

Late stage porphryn derangement

A

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase = Porphyria cutanea tarda

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19
Q

Early Stage Porphryn Derangement

A

Porphobilinogen deaminase (Acute intermittent porphyria)

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20
Q

Raltegravir is

A

An integrase inhibitor that disrupts HIV genome integration into the host cell, prevention HIV mRNA synthesis

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21
Q

Hodgins Lymphoma has _____ cells on lymph node biopsy

A

Reed-sternberg (owl eye) cells

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22
Q

Hemolytic Uremic syndrome (HUS) presents with _______

Lab abnormalities are_______

A

Acute kidney injury, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia

Increased bleeding time, lactate dehydrogenasem bili, BUN and crea

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23
Q

Lymphocytes with cytoplasmic projections are seen in

A

Hairy Cell leukemia

24
Q

What happens in hairy cell leukemia

A

Indolent b cell neoplasms infiltrate the bone marrow leading to fibrosis and bone marrow failure, leading to dry taps

And splenomegaly

25
Q

Desmopressin increases

A

vWF and Factor VIII

26
Q

How long do we store Vit B12?

A

Up to several years as opposed to the water based vitamins

27
Q

With regards to cancer, what is the effect of an overactive P450 pxidase system? And which enzyme particularly?

A

Increase risk of cancer, nd microsomal monoxygenase

28
Q

What is essential for the diagnosis of TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic prupura)?

A

Hemolytic anemia

29
Q

One common presentation of SCD, (sickle cell)

A

Dactylisis, which is painful swelling of hands and feet

30
Q

Polyclonal proliferation is _____ in lymph nodes, whereas monoclonal proliferation is _____

A

Normal, abnormal

31
Q

Von willebrand disease presents with _____ labs

A

increased PTT and bleeding time

32
Q

Aspiring irreversibly inhibits:

A

COX1 and COX2

33
Q

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody targetd against

A

CD20 (b cells)

34
Q

Mutations that result in a loss of _____ positive charge causes Hemoglobin A to resemble _____

A

2,3-BPG binding pocket, fetal hemoglobin

35
Q

Auer rods are deformed azurophilic granules found i nthe cytoplasm of myeloblasts that stain positive for:

A

myeloperoxidase

36
Q

____ often presents as a mediastinal mass that can cause respiratory syndromes, dysphagia or superior vena cava syndrome

A

T-ALL

37
Q

Li-fraumeni syndrome is caused by an AD mutation in tumor suppressor gene ____ and is associated with which tumors

A

TP53, Leukemia, sarcomas and tumors of the breat, brain and adrenal cortex

38
Q

HER2 is what kind of receptor, and which drug targets it

A

Tyrosine kinase and traztusumab

39
Q

BCL-2 normally does what

A

inhibits cell death cascade

40
Q

The underlying biochemical feature of megaloblastosis is a defect in

A

DNA synthesis

41
Q

Patients with hemochromatosis are at increased risk for

A

cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

42
Q

What can cause a left shift (or increased o2 affinity) in the Hemoglobin dissociation curve?

A

Decreased temp, increased Ph, decreased 2,3 diphosphoglycerate

43
Q

What does the product of c-myc do

A

it is a trasncription activator

44
Q

What is tumor lysis syndrome?

A

Rapid turnover leading to hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia and hyperkalemia

45
Q

What does rasburicase do?

A

It reduces uric acid levels

46
Q

What are key growth factors that promote angiogenesis in neoplastic and granulation tissue?

A

VEGF and FGF

47
Q

What is charactertistic of granulomatosis with polyangiitis? (wegener’s)

A

Nasal mucosal ulcerations and glomerulonpephritis

48
Q

Small vessel leukocytosis angiitis associated with IgA and C3 deposition is typical of

A

Henoch Schoenlein purpura (HSP)

49
Q

Two important opsonins

A

IgG and C3b

50
Q

Most important mediator of sepsis is:

A

TNF-a

51
Q

Calcineurin activates ___, which promotes ____

A

IL2, growth and differention of T cells

52
Q

Which drugs inhibit Calcineurin

A

Cyclosporine and tacrolimus

53
Q

Which drugs are contraindicated in hereditary angioedema

A

ACE inhibitors (increases bradykinin levels)

54
Q

When should first gen antihistamines be avoided?

A

Older patients with cognitive or functional impairments

55
Q

Polyhydramnios is a result of either

A

Insufficient fetal swallowing or urine overproduction

56
Q

Flat facial features, excessive skin at neck, ventricular septal defec, duodenal atresia

A

Downs trisomy 21

57
Q

The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is at risk during _____ and it inervates the _____

A

thyroidectory, cricothyroid

Uworld Missed Questions (1 decks)

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