Miscellanious 2

Question 1

causes of massive spleenomegaly ?

Answer 1

CML , chronic malaria , myelofibrosis , kala azar

Question 2

causes of hepatosplenomegaly ?

Answer 2

cirrhosis, acute viral hepatitis , lymphoma ,leukemia, chronic active hepatitis , acute viral hepatitis

Question 3

causes of spleenomegaly?

Answer 3

malaria , viral hepatitis , miliary tb , leukemia , lymphoma , hemoytic anemia , SLE , infectious mononucleousis , myelofibrosis , portal htn

Question 4

general examination

Answer 4

general inspection from ther end of the bed
hands = kolionychia , leukonychia
lof ->

Question 5

general examination

Answer 5

general inspection from the end of the bed
hands = kolionychia ‘iron-def’ , leukonychia ‘hypoalbuminemia’
loff edak -> no palmar erythema ‘chronic liver dz’ , n dupyuteryn contracture ,, assess for asterixis = hepatic enecphalopathy and uremia
inspect axilla = acanthosis nigricans
eyes = jaundice , palor , XANTHELASMA
lips = angular stomatitis , central cyanosis , ORAL CANDIDIASIS
JVP
lymohadenopathy = for virchows node ‘gastric malignancy’

Question 6

general examination

Answer 6

general inspection from the end of the bed
hands = kolionychia ‘iron-def’ , leukonychia ‘hypoalbuminemia’
loff edak -> no palmar erythema ‘chronic liver dz’ , n dupyuteryn contracture ,,
– assess for asterixis = hepatic enecphalopathy and uremia
–inspect axilla = acanthosis nigricans
eyes = jaundice , palor , XANTHELASMA
lips = angular stomatitis , central cyanosis , ORAL CANDIDIASIS
lymohadenopathy = for virchows node ‘gastric malignancy’

Question 7

ishra7e 3n el blood flow 5elal el veins

Answer 7

IVC obstruction= in flanks , el blood form down upwards

portal htn = radiating mn el umbilicus , el blood away from

Question 8

method of detecting blood flow in veins ?

Answer 8

place 2 index fingers on a vein and squeeze the vein by moving 2 fingers , then remove one index and see the flow of blood

Question 9

method of detecting blood flow in veins ?

Answer 9

place 2 index fingers on a vein and squeeze the vein by moving 2 fingers , then remove one index and see the speed of the refilling vein , 3edha o 2eme el other index , the direction , o nshuf el speed of filling vein
the direction of where filling is faster is the direction of blood flow

Question 10

spider nevi

Answer 10

dilation of central arteriole >6mm in diameter , occurs in increase in estrogen levels , significant >5 , disapperars by pressure

Question 11

signs of chronic liver disease ?

Answer 11

hands = clubbing , palmar erythema , leukonychia , duputyrn contracture , spider nevi[>5] , asterixis
face = spider nevi , telangectasia , central cyanosis , jaundice
chest = gynecomastia
limbs = edema 'ankle'

Question 12

causes of hepatomegaly ?

Answer 12

viral hepatitis , amebic liver abccess , right HF , enteric fever ,malignancy

Question 13

causes of tender hepatomegaly ?

Answer 13

acute hepatitis , congestive hepatomegaly ‘rhf’ , amebiasis , hcc

Question 14

Causeds of liver cirrhosis ?

Answer 14

Alcoholic liver dz
Viral hep (b c d )
Biliary cirrhosis (primary BC , scleosing cholangitis)
Hemochromatosis
Chf cardiac cirrhosis

Question 15

Complications of liver cirrhosis

Answer 15

Portal htn
Spontaneous peritonitis
Ascites
Esophageal varices
Splenomegaly
Hepatorenal syndrome
Bleending tendency

Question 16

Causes of ascites

Answer 16

Budd chiary syndrome
Liver cirrhosis
—
Nephrotic syndrome 
Pancreatitis 
—
Cancer related
HF

Question 17

Complications of ascites ?

Answer 17

1)Spontaneous B. Peritonitis 
Idiopathic infection of ascites , tx ? Cefotaxime / ceftraixone / norfloxacin ded el recurrence 
2) hepatorenal syndrome
3) hepatoc hydrothorax
4) hernia