Miscellaneous Pathology

Question 1

What are some of the few causes of INSTANT death?

Answer 1

Myocardial infarction
Embolism
Ruptured/dissecting aneurysm
Occlusion of the 4th ventricle

Question 2

List the 8 types of disease.

You should consider all of these in your differential diagnosis.

Answer 2

Infection
Inflammation
Vascular
Metabolic
Traumatic
Neoplastic
Iatrogenic
Degenerative

Question 3

How can a MI actually cause death?

Answer 3

Arrhythmias
Acute left ventricular failure
Cardiac rupture and haemopericardium

Question 4

What are the 4 types of embolism you can get?

Answer 4

Thrombus
Air
Fat
Amniotic fluid

Question 5

What are the two types of pneumonia? List 4 differences between them.

Answer 5

Lobar pneumonia

1. Spreads through blood
2. Confined to 1 lobe
3. Grey hepatisation
4. More severe

Bronchopneumonia

1. Spreads through airways
2. More diffuse
3. Develops after chronic lung disease
4. Often terminal for debilitated patients

Question 6

What are the 2 types of meningitis? List 3 features of each.

Answer 6

Meningococcus

1. Transmission: droplet inhalation
2. Occurs in previously healthy people
3. Rapid illness (<24 hours)

Pneumococcus

1. Transmission: from lung infection
2. More common in debilitated people
3. Less rapid

Question 7

What observations would you want to screen for sepsis?

Answer 7

Heart rate
Resp rate
BP
Temperature
O2 sats

Question 8

What types of treatment are given for sepsis?

Answer 8

ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation etc.)
Fluid replacement
Observation
IV antibiotics