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Nursing Misc > Miscellaneous Information to Know > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Information to Know Flashcards

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1
Q

Cyanosis is associate with

A

Hypoxemia

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2
Q

Chest pains occur with abnormal

A

Blood Pressure

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3
Q

Abnormal respirations result in

A

Shortness of breath

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4
Q

Diaphoresis is a symptom associated with

A

an elevated temperature

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5
Q

Scoliosis may restrict a patient’s chest expansion and decrease

A

tidal volume

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6
Q

Poor muscle control may affect the reading of an

A

oral temperature

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7
Q

Average temperature range in celcius:

A

36 to 38

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8
Q

Average temperature range in F

A

96.8 to 100.4

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9
Q

Average oral/tympanic temperatures in C and F

A

37 C

98.6 F

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10
Q

Average rectal:

A
  1. 5 C

99. 5 F

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11
Q

Average axillary

A
  1. 5 C

97. 7 F

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12
Q

Acceptable rate pulse

A

60 to 100 beats/min

Strong and regular

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13
Q

Acceptable range of pulse oximetry (SpO2)

A

> = 95%

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14
Q

Respirations

A

12 to 20 breaths/min

Deep and regular

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15
Q

Acceptable SYSTOLIC blood pressure

A

120 mm Hg

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16
Q

Acceptable DIASTOLIC blood pressure

A

80 mm Hg

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17
Q

Acceptable Pulse Pressure

A

30 to 50 mm Hg

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18
Q

Acceptable Capnography (EtCO2)

A

Normal 35 - 45 mm Hg

19
Q

If the patient information is verifiable then it is

A

OBJECTIVE data (observable/tangible)

20
Q

Reflective Journaling is a method by which the nurse can find reasons for a particular behavior and

A

analyze thought process, actions, and knowledge. Reflective journaling helps the nurse make quality decisions for patient care.

21
Q

The cardinal signs of infection are established by early Greek and Roman physicians as the 4 “ORS”:

A
  1. RUBOR ( redness )
  2. CALOR ( heat [think calorie] )
  3. DOLOR ( pain )
  4. TUMOR ( swelling )
22
Q

Where is our short-term memory stored?

A

Hippocampus

23
Q

This occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body become thick and stiff - sometimes restricting blood flow to your organs and tissues:

A

Arteriosclerosis

Healthy arteries are flexible and elastic, but over time, the walls in your arteries can harden, a condition commonly called hardening of the arteries.

24
Q

A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe:

A

COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Bronchitis - increase mucous and inflammation

Emphysema - Destruction and enlargement of air spaces.

Damage to the lungs is irreversible. Rescue inhalers and inhaled or oral steroids can help control symptoms and minimize further damage.

25
Q

This condition gradually damages the alveoli in your lungs, making you progressively more short of breath and is one of several diseases known collectively as COPD:

A

Emphysema

26
Q

A specific type of arteriosclerosis. This type refers to the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls (plaques):

A

Atherosclerosis

Restricts blood flow. These plaques can burst, triggering a blood clot. It can affect arteries anywhere in your body. It is preventable. It is treatable.

27
Q

A chronic condition in which the heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should:

A

Congestive heart failure

Heart failure can occur if the heart cannot pump (systolic) or fill (diastolic) adequately.

Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen legs, and rapid heartbeat.

Treatments can include eating less salt, limiting fluid intake, and taking prescription medications. In some cases a defibrillator or pacemaker may be implanted.

28
Q

This heart failure may lead to pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema and decreased cardiac output:

A

Left sided heart failure.

Due to the ineffective left ventricular contraction, the first step is the heart compensates with hypertrophy of the ventricle.

Common causes are LT ventricular MI, HTN, aortic or mitral valve stenosis or insufficiency.

As the LT ventricle’s decreased pumping ability persists, fluid accumulates, backing into the LT atrium, and then into the lungs.

Signs/Symptoms: Varies depending on RT or LT sided…

  • Bibasilar crackles
  • chronic cough
  • dyspnea initially on exertion
  • edema and weight gain
  • fatigue
  • muscle weakness
  • tachycardia
29
Q

To urinate:

A

Micturate

30
Q

This type of heart failure is most commonly caused by profound backward blood flow:

A

RT sided heart failure.

Results of ineffective right ventricular contraction. May be from right ventricular infarction or pulmonary embolus.

31
Q

Nursing interventions for Heart Failure:

A
  • Place in Fowler’s position and give supplemental oxygen. Organize all activity to provide maximum rest periods.
  • Weigh the patient daily (fluid retention), and check for peripheral edema. Also, monitor IV intake and urine output (especially if on diuretic).
  • Vitals (increased respiratory and HR and for narrowing pulse pressure) and mental status. Auscultate for abnormal heart and breath sounds. Report any changes.
  • Frequently monitor blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium levels.
  • Provide continuous cardiac monitoring during acute and advanced stages to identify and treat arrhythmias promptly.
  • To prevent DVT from vascular congestion, help the patient with range-of-motion exercises. Apply antiembolism stockings as needed. Check for calf pain and tenderness.
32
Q

What do we call the accumulation of fluid in the extra-vascular spaces of the lung?

A

Pulmonary edema.

Usually occurs due to Lt-sided HF

Signs/Symptoms:

  • Cold, clammy, sweaty skin
  • Cough
  • Decreased level of consciousness (LOC)
  • Dependent crackles / wheezing
  • Diastolic gallop
  • Dyspnea on exertion
  • Frothy, bloody sputum
  • Hypoxemia
  • Jugular vein distention
  • Orthopnea
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
  • Restlessness and anxiety
  • Tachycardia
  • Tachypnea
  • Thready pulse
33
Q

Attacks of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occur at night:

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

It usually awakens the person from sleep, and may be quite frightening

34
Q

What do we call the condition of shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat?

A

Orthopnea

Causes the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair.

35
Q

Abnormally rapid breathing:

A

Tachypnea

36
Q

Treatment of pulmonary edema?

A
  • High concentrations of O2 by cannula, face mask and, if necessary, assisted ventilation.
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, inotropic drugs such as digoxin (Lanoxin), antiarrhythmic agents, beta-adrenergic blockers, and humam B-type natriuretic peptide to treat HF
  • Vasodilator drugs, such as nitroprusside (Nipride) to reduce preload and afterload in acute episodes of pulmonary edema
  • Morphine to reduce anxiety and dyspnea as well as to dilate the systemic venous bed, promoting blood flow from pulmonary circulation to the periphery.
37
Q

Absent respiration

A

Apnea

38
Q

What is OSA?

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Those affected have long periods of apnea… leading to possible daytime accidents. Long-term can lead to HTN.

39
Q

Complete or partial collapse of a lung or a section (lobe) of a lung.

A

Atelectasis

SignsSymptoms:
Sharp pain w/inhalation
Difficulty speaking
Feeling of breathlessness.

Low BP
Rapid pulse
Combination indicate possible shock.

40
Q

Air in the thorax:

A

Tension pneumothorax

41
Q

Procedure where catheter is inserted between ribs to drain air/fluid:

A

Thoracocentesis

42
Q

?

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

43
Q

?

A

Ostomy

Nursing Misc (3 decks)

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