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Micro Test 3 > Miscellaneous Gram Neg Rods > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Gram Neg Rods Flashcards

1
Q

GNRs predominately cause what type of infections?

A

opportunistic infections in a debilitated host.

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2
Q

What do GNRs grow on?

A

BAP and CHOC and therefore will be detected on routine bacterial culture. (growth on Mac is variable)

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3
Q

How are these organisms identified?

A
  1. glucose utilization: O, or inert, inactive, asacharolytic
  2. Oxidase: most are positive
  3. Ability to grow on Mac: variable
  4. nonfermenters
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4
Q

Are they easy to treat?

A

They can be very difficult to treat and they develop resistance quickly. they can also take a long time to ID

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5
Q

What is the most commonly isolated non fermenting GNR?

A

psuedomonas

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6
Q

Does psuedomonas require special places to live?

A

NO! it can grow just about anywhere. soap, sink, treatment pools, mechanical ventilators, dialysis equipment. and it is aerobic, it requires o2 for growth.

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7
Q

What makes someone susceptible to pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

1 treatment with broad spectrums that decrease normal flora 2. use of mechanical ventilation equipment.

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8
Q

Where can colonization of P. aeruginosa occur?

A

Upper resp tract, skin, GI tract.

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9
Q

What are some features of P. aeruginosa that make it hard to kill?

A

It has many virulence factors, and it secretes many enzymes and toxins that destroy tissue. It is also resistant to many antibiotics.

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10
Q

What antibiotics is P. aeruginosa resistant to?

A

PCN, amp/amox, ceph:1 and 2 gen. resistance can develop quickly among beta-lactams

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11
Q

Who do we see P. aeruginosa infections in most commonly?

A

CF patietns, immunosuppressed, burn wounds, osteomyelitis, UTI, septicemia, corneal ulcers, swimmer’s ear, folliculitis.

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12
Q

What is the unique smell of P. aeruginosa infections?

A

grape smell.

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13
Q

What are the interim results you might get while wating for the psuedomonas culture to come back (growth takes 18-24 hours)

A

non-lactose fermenting GNR, oxidase positive

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14
Q

What GNR can survive for months on fomites, and is NF in the skin and vaginal tract?

A

Acinetobacter sp.

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15
Q

Where does Acinteobacter sp live?

A

in the soil, water…it can survive for months on fomites.

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16
Q

Where is Acinteobacter sp NF?

A

skin and vaginal tract.

17
Q

What Acinteobacter sp is very resistant to antibiotics and was seen in wound infections of personnel from Iraq?

A

Acinteobacter baumannii

18
Q

What is the DOC for tx of Acinteobacter baumannii

A

carbapenams: resistance increasing, or colistin and polymixin B: resistance documented.

19
Q

What are the interim results you might get while wating for the acinetobacter culture to come back (growth takes 24-72 hours

A

gram stain: plump gnr in pairs
interim report: non-lactose fermenting gnr, oxidase negative.
grows on Mac

20
Q

What is the 3rd most common GNR non fermenter isolated in the lab?

A

Stentotrophomonas maltophilia

21
Q

Where can Stentotrophomonas maltophilia be found?

A

ubiquitous in nature, water sources. usually not considered normal flora, but patients become colonized in the hospital. noscomial infections. opportunistic.

22
Q

Stentotrophomonas maltophilia has (high/low) virulence factors?

A

low

23
Q

what infections does Stentotrophomonas maltophilia most often cause?

A

bacteremia and pnuemonia

24
Q

What is Stentotrophomonas maltophilia most resistant to?

A

cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, carbapenams

25
Q

Who are patients at risk of a Stentotrophomonas maltophilia infection?

A

broad spectrum abx tx, catheters, mechanical ventilators, CF patients

26
Q

what would the interim report for Stentotrophomonas maltophilia say?

A

growth normally occurs in 24-48 hours on routine media.

Interim report: non lactose fermenting GNR, oxidase neg.

27
Q

What are the DOC for Stentotrophomonas maltophilia

A

SXT, ticarcillin-clauvanate, Ticarbillin-clauvanate + aztreonam

Micro Test 3 (4 decks)

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