Miscellaneous conditions Flashcards
What is the pathology of achondroplasia?
What are the findings in the spine?
failure of endochondral bone formation
Narrowing of the interpedicular distances in a caudal direction
What is engelmanns disease
Diaphyseal dysplasia - diaphyseal cortical thickening that involves the long bones
Localized cortical thickening of the diaphyses
What is hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy?
What are the main findings?
Manifested by clubbing of the fingers and periostitis
seen with lung cancer, bronchiectasis, GI disorders, liver disease
What is the differential for periostitis in a long bone without an underlying bony abnormality
HPO Venous stasis Thyroid acropachy Pachydermoperiostosis Trauma
What is melorheostosis?
Thickened cortical new bone that accumulates near the ends of long bones, usually on one side of the bone
Dripping candle wax
What are the characteristics of mucopolysaccharidoses?
What is the defect in morquios? hurlers?
What are the spine findings in morquios?
What are the spine findings in hunters/hurlers?
Short stature. Wide, flattened iliac wings and broad femoral necks. Pointed proximal fifth metacarpal base with notch appearance at the ulnar aspect
M - keratan sulfate
H - heparan sulfate
M - Platyspondyly (flattening ot eh vertebral body with central anterior beak)
H - platyspondyly with anteroinferior beak
What is an osteochondroma? What is MHE? What part is usually involved?
What is the malignant degeneration risk? Which lesions are more likely to be malignant?
Cartilage capped bone outgrowth which can be pedunculated or sessile
Multiple osteochondromas - the knees are always involved. 1-20%. The axial lesions are more likely to be malignant.
What is trevors disease?
Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica
Multiple osteochondromas at the epiphyses
How is osteoid osteoma treated?
How does it look radiologically?
Percuatenous radiofrequency ablation, ASA
Cortically based sclerotic lesion in a long bone with a small central lucency called a nidus
The nidus causes the pain and the surrounding sclerosis
How is the presentation of a medullary osteoid osteoma differ from a cortical lesion?
Less reactive sclerosis
What is the double density sign with regard to osteoid osteoma?
Nuclear bone scan will show increased uptake at the nidus with a second area of uptake in the surrounding sclerosis.
Osteopathia Striata presents how?
2-3mm thick linear bands of sclerotic bone aligned parallel to the long axis of a bone
What is osteopoikilosis?
Incidental finding of multiple small sclerotic bony densities affecting primarily the ends of long bones and the pelvis
What is pachydermoperiostosis?
Periostitis in the extremities, thickening of the skin of the extremities and face, and clubbing of the fingers
More prominent in blacks
Similar to HPO, but more painful
How does sarcoid present in the bones?
Lacelike bony destruction mainly in the hands
