Miscellaneous

Question 1

Festinger (1954)

Answer 1

Social comparison theory - people are motivated to have accurate appraisals of themselves in terms of abilities, opinions, and outcomes. Social comparison provides self-knowledge

Question 2

Festinger (1957)

Answer 2

Cognitive Dissonance Theory - cognitive tension results when one perceives that their cognitions and behavior are inconsistent. Dissonance reduction motivated by the need for psychological consistency

Question 3

Stouffer (1949)

Answer 3

relative deprivation theory - peoples’ satisfaction/deprivation based on comparison to referent groups. Soldier Studies (Air Corp-MP/Black Soldiers N vs S)

Question 4

Deci and Ryan (2000)

Answer 4

Self determination theory - 3 psychological needs are essential for wellbeing: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Question 5

Goffman (1963)

Answer 5

“Mark” of stigma comprised of blemishes of individual character, abominations of the body, and tribal stigma

Question 6

Classic Obedience Experiments

Answer 6

Milgram (1963)

Question 7

Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 7

Zimbardo (1971)

Question 8

Robbers Cave Study on Intergroup Conflict

Answer 8

Sherif et al. (1956)

Question 9

Line Conformity Experiment

Answer 9

Asch (1951)

Question 10

Bystander Intervention -Smoke Classroom Study - Many people = diffusion of social responsibility.

Answer 10

Latane and Darley (1968)

Question 11

Cultural Rules for Anger expression

Answer 11

Tavris (1989)

Question 12

Mundane Realism

Answer 12

AKA Ecological Validity - the extent to which the experimental situation is similar to situations people are likely to encounter outside the laboratory.

Question 13

Psychological Realism

Answer 13

The extent to which you are accurately tapping into psychological processes. E.g., how are you conceptualizing or inducing anger?

Question 14

Rusbult & Van Lange (2003)

Answer 14

Interdependence Theory:

Describes how social situations shape intrapersonal and interpersonal processes. Incorporates Social Exchange theory - people evaluate relationships in terms of cost and benefits. When the costs outweigh the benefits, people will terminate or abandon that relationship. All based on attractiveness of relationship, barriers of leaving relationship, and presence of attractive alternatives outside the relationship

Interaction shaped by long term goals and concern for partners welfare

4 parts: the situation, transformation (people thinking about possible outcomes of their interactions), interaction [I=f(S,A,B)], adaptation (applying lessons learned to guide future interactions towards rewards)

Interactions consider needs, preferences, of each person. Interactions are pleasant if they satisfy needs

Situation considers: level of dependence, mutuality of dependence, covariation of interests, temporal structure, availability of information

transformation concept illuminates departures from self-interests