Miscellaneous

Question 1

What shifts oxyhaemoglobin curve to the right

What increases 2,3 DPG

2,3 DPG levels in HbF

Answer 1

2,3 DPG
Temp
Low pH

Chronic hypoxia

Low in HbF: shift to left

Question 2

Human milk oligosaccharides

Specific activity against which bugs

Answer 2

GBS
E Coli
Campylobacter

Anti adhesive

Question 3

Lactoferrin

Enables absorption of what
Prevents what
Cidal or static
Effect on gut permeability

Cows milk predominantly which protein

Predominant protein in human milk

Answer 3

Iron
NEC
Bacteriostatic
Reduced gut permeability

Casein

Whey

Question 4

Zika

Sexually transmitted?

Affect on retina
Brain

Breast feeding?

Answer 4

Yes

Chorioretinitis
Cortical atrophy
Cerebellar, brainstem hypoplasia

PCR

BF not contraindicated

Question 5

CP

Most common pattern

PVL association with

Answer 5

Spastic diplegia
Truncal hypotonia

Spastic quadriplegia

Question 6

CP risk factors

Eye
Maternal disorder 
Effect of multiples
Which cytokines 
Asphyxia accounts for what percentage

Answer 6

Chorioamnionitis
Maternal thyroid disease
Twins 6x risk, esp mcma, mcda
Triplets 15x
LBW
Elevated IL1, IL6, IL8, TNFa: inflammation 
Maternal thrombophilia
Asphyxia 10%

Question 7

BCG

Site
PI or maori higher risk?

Which PI are not considered high risk

Answer 7

Intradermal left upper arm

PI>maori

Samoa and Tonga

Question 8

BCG contraindications

Answer 8

Immune compromise
HIV
Generalised skin disease 
Positive IGRA or Mantoux and under 8 mo
Mother received anti TNF in pregnancy

Question 9

BCG for who

Answer 9

Household member with current or past TB
Household members who have lived >6 mo in past 5 y in country with high rate (>40 per 100,000)
Will be living in high risk country for >3 mo

Question 10

HIV

What predicts
Vertical transmission

When does transmission occur

Who can deliver vaginally

Treatment duration baby
PCP ?

Answer 10

Viral load

Woman with fully suppressed viral load

ART for 4-6w

No BF

Intrapartum 70%
No PCP

Question 11

What do babies with HIV present with

Answer 11

Severe bacterial infection

Question 12

ART in HIV mothers

Answer 12

From 32w

Zidovudine in labour

Question 13

G1 IVH

Outcome

Occurs when

Venous infarction in which

Answer 13

Virtually the same as no IVH

Occurs around time of delivery

Venous infarction in big grade 2 or 3

Question 14

Four criteria to define intrapartum asphyxial event sufficient to cause CP

Answer 14

Umbilical artery pH <7, BE >12

Early onset of severe or moderate encephalopathy >34 weeks

CP of spastic quad or dyskinetic type

Exclusion of other etiologies

Question 15

Insensible losses mL/kg/hr

<1kg

> 2kg

Answer 15

2-3mL/kg/hr

0.6-0.7mL/kg/h

Question 16

Estimated tip-to-lip rule for oral ETT

1
2
3kg infant

Answer 16

7
8
9cm

Or weight plus 6cm

Question 17

Umbilical catheter insertion

Vessels corresponding to adjacent vertebrae

Answer 17

T12 - coeliac axis
T12 - L1 - SMA
L1 - renal arteries
L4 - L5 aortic bifurcation