miscellaneous Flashcards
define likelihood ratio (LR)
LR= probability of finding x being present in those WITH a certain disease
probablity of finding x being present in those WITHOUT a certain disease
Ex: 0.5 probablity (50%) of fluid wave present in those with ascites
0.1 probability of fluid wave present in those WITHOUT ascites
LR= 0.5/.01= 5
What do the values of likelihood ratios signify?
LR range is from zero to infinity
LR < 1 indicate decreased probability of disease
LR close or = to 1 are of no diagnostic value
LR >1 indicate a higher chance of disease. The higher, the stronger the association with the disease
Describe the CAGE screening test for alcohol/drug abuse and it’s scoring system
- Have you ever thought you should Cut down on your drinking/drug use?
- Have others Annoyed you by commenting on your drinking/drug use?
- Have you ever felt Guilty about how much you drink or use drugs?
- Have you ever had a drink or used drugs as an Eye-opener or to Ease withdrawal symptoms in the morning?
Score: 1 pt for each yes answer
1 pt=75% chance of addiction
2 pts= 85% chance of addiction
3 pts=95% chance of addiction
4 pts =99% chance of addiction
What are the 6 questions in the CRAFFT adolescent drug/alcohol problem screening test?
- Car- Have you ridden in a Car driven by someone (including yourself) high/drunk?
- Relax- Have you ever used drugs/alcohol to Relax/fit-in/feel better about yourself?
- Alone- Have you used substances Alone?
- Friends/family- Have your Friends or Family told you that you should cut down?
- Forget- Have you ever Forgotten things you’ve done while using?
- Trouble- Have you ever gotten into Trouble because of drugs/alcohol?
Score of 2 or more: further assessment warranted
How are pack-years calculated?
Number of packs of cigarettes smoked/per day x number of years smoked.
Ex: 1.5 packs/day x 15 years = 22.5 pack-years
(# of cigarettes in a pack = 20 in the U. S.)
