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Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

Hct below this is considered anemia

A

Hct <2.5

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2
Q

MCHC Reference Range

A

33-37

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3
Q

What stains in a Reticulocyte?

A

the remnant ribosomal RNA reticulum stains blue with Methylene Blue

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4
Q

Reticulocyte levels measure

A

Rate of production and release of red cells by the marrow into the peripheral blood

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5
Q

Adult/Pediatric Reticulocyte Count Reference Range

A

Adult 0.5-1.5%

Pediatric 3.0-7.0%

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6
Q

When should reticulocyte count peak after acute hemorrhage?

A

6-10 days afterwards

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7
Q

Anticipated skin, eye, membrane or parenteral contact with blood or OPIM that may result form performance of an employee’s duties

A

Occupational Exposure

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8
Q

Specific contact with blood/OPIM capable of transmitting a BBP

A

Exposure Incident

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9
Q

MCC of exposure

A

Needle-sticks after use

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10
Q

Practice of isolating all body substances of individuals undergoing medical treatment especially highly infectious, goes further in isolating the workers from pathogens
Includes precautions against airborne transmission, droplet transmission, skin contact or prion diseases

A

Body Substance Isolation

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11
Q

Combines Universal and BSI Precautions

Includes protection of pt as well as health care worker

A

Standard Precautions

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12
Q

Treat all human blood and OPIM as if known to be infectious with blood borne disease

A

Universal precautions

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13
Q

Most common mode of transmission of pathogens

A

Hands!

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14
Q

Red Cell variation in Size

A

Anisocytosis

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15
Q

Hyperchromic

A

Doesn’t exist –> there’s a limit to the Hb in a cell

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16
Q

Increased central pallor seen in

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Hereditary Spherocytosis

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17
Q

Rouleaux found in

A

Multiple myeloma

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18
Q

Clumping seen in

A

Cold agglutinins

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19
Q

Nucleated red cells

A

Normoblasts

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20
Q

Basophilic stippling found in

A

Lead poisoning

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21
Q

Spherical cell inclusions seen in hemolytic anemia and post splenectomy

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

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22
Q

WBC reference range

A

4.0-10.9 x 10^3

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23
Q

Neutrophil reference range

A

50-60%

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24
Q

Neutrophils elevated in

A

Bacterial infections, stress and corticosteroid therapy

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25
Lymphocyte reference range
30-40%
26
Lymphocytes elevated in
Viral infections
27
Eosinophil reference range
<5%
28
Basophili reference range
< 1%
29
Basophils elevated in
CML
30
Band cells usually
<3% WBCs
31
Seen in systemic infections or inflammatory disease
Dohle bodies & Neutrophil bands
32
Megaloblastic anemias
Hypersegmented neutrophils
33
Normal platelet count
150,000-450,000
34
Hypersegmented neutrophils seen in
Folate/B12 deficiency
35
Target cells seen in
Thalassemia `
36
Hollow organ pain caused by distention, stretching
Visceral, colic pain
37
Steady aching pain, well localized
Parietal pain
38
Serum alkaline phosphatase elevated out of proportion to transaminases in
Conjugated hyperbili
39
Normal bowel sounds
High pitched tinkle every 3-5 seconds
40
Absent bowel sounds
No bowel sounds after 2 minutes
41
Percussion of gas
Tympany
42
Percussion of liver
Resonant (lungs) to dull (liver) to tympanic (intestine)
43
Normal liver size
<10cm
44
A complete rectal prolapse
Procidentia
45
Turner's sign
Discoloration around the flanks seen in Acute Pancreatitis
46
Cullen's sign
Discoloration around the umbilicus due to hemorrhagic pancreatitis
47
Urinalysis specific gravity determines
State of hydration
48
Leukocyte esterase/nitrates on urinalysis shows
UTI
49
WBC Casts
Acute pyelonephritis
50
RBC Casts
Glomerulonephritis
51
MC crystals
Calcium oxalate
52
MCC UTI
E.coli
53
Urine protein electrophoresis performed to test for
MM
54
When should the balloon be inflated on cath?
Only after urine is observed flowing through the catheter
55
One lumen NG tube
Levin tube
56
Two lumen NG tube
Salem-Sump | Second lumen allows for counties suction and prevents gastric mucosa aspiration
57
50% of EGD complications due to
Cardiopulmonary problems usually caused by medications used for conscious sedation
58
Barrett's Esophagitis
Columnar epithelium REPLACES squamous epithelium of the esophagus
59
Malignant transformation in Barrett's most common in
Caucasian men greater than 50 with more than 5 years of Sx
60
Most common site for gastric ulcer
Angular incisura then lesser curvature and antrum
61
Most common site of gastric cancer in western countries
Proximal lesser curvature, cardia and GE junction
62
Advantage of colonoscopy over sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy can find and remove polyps in the colon distal to the sigmoidscope
63
Absolute CI of Colonoscopy
Fulminant colitis Known or suspected perforation During early post-colectomy time period
64
Do sessile or pedunculate polyps have more malignant potential?
Sessile
65
If colon cancer is left untreated what are the sequelae?
Usually partially or completely circumferential and will obstruct the lumen if untreated
66
UC vs. CD on cramping, diarrhea, and bleeding
CD more cramping and diarrhea but UC lesions more friable and more likely to bleed
67
UC vs. CD which has apthous ulcers and anal lesions?
CD
68
Which procedure is used to diagnose colon and bowel disease including polyps, diverticulosis and cancer?
Virtual Colonoscopy
69
How many times should FOBT be repeated before drawing conclusions?
3-4 times
70
How does FOBT work?
The resin reacts with iron and is very sensitive
71
Disadvantages to FOBT?
Fails to detect most polyps and cancers Flse positives are common Dietary restrictions may be necessary several days before Additional procedures may be required if the test indicates an abnormality
72
Which Colorectal Cancer Screening Test can biopsy lesions?
Colonoscopy which requires a through cleansing of the colon before the test

PCM III (3 decks)

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