miscellaneous

Question 1

gall stones

Answer 1

bile acids/salts

Chenodeoxy cholic acid
SE: increases LDL levels

Ursodeoxy cholic acid
reduces LDL, faster, more effective
dissolves gall stones
primary biliary cirrhosis

new drug: Obiltocholic acid (same as Ursodeoxy cholic acid)

Question 2

short bowel syndrome

Answer 2

after colectomy
reduced absorptive power
suffers from malabsorption and diarrhoea

Growth hormone
Teduglutide (GLP2 analogue)

increases growth of intestinal cells

Question 3

Pancreatic enzyme replacement

Answer 3

chronic pancreatitis
cystic fibrosis
after pancreatectomy

Pancreazyme (lipase»trypsin etc)

Question 4

Emetics

Answer 4

oral syrup - Ipecac

inj - Apomorphine

stimulate dopamine D2 receptor at CTZ area and induce vomiting for the treatment after ingestion of poison

CI: corrosive poisoning- will lead to esophageal perforation

kerosene or petroleum poisoning
opioid poisoning
unconscious patient
(increases risk of aspiration pneumonia)