Miscellaneous

Question 1

How is Relative Risk Reduction calculated?

Answer 1

100% x (1-RR)
Relative Risk (RR) is Y (treated group) / X (control or placebo group)
OR
Control (placebo) - Treated / Control (placebo)

Question 2

How is Absolute Risk Reduction calculated?

Answer 2

Control (placebo) - Treated

Question 3

When is HLA DQ2/DQ8 testing HELPFUL?

Answer 3

When the result is NEGATIVE (no celiac disease)
When its positive, NOT HELPFUL becasue 40% of people havis this

Question 4

What are TWO common risk factors for RECURRENCE of DIVERTICULITIS after an attack?

Answer 4

OBESITY
AGE < 50

Question 5

Why should a patient have a COLONOSCOPY after a FULL RECOVERY from DIVERTICULITIS if they had NOT HAD ONE in the PREVIOUS YEAR?

Answer 5

Because COLON CANCER RISK is DOUBLED in patients with diverticulosis

Question 6

In patients with DIVERTICULITIS, a FISTULA into the urinary bladder is more common in WHOM?

Answer 6

MEN (in women, the uterus is protective)

Question 7

Which TYPE of CHRONIC PANCEATITIS is NOT caused by ALCOHOL, is NOT associated with CALCIFICATIONS and does NOT progress to STEATORRHEA?

Answer 7

SMALL-DUCT pancreatitis (SECRETIN TEST)

Question 8

Common cause of OROPHARYNGEAL DYSPHAGIA with nasal regurgitation when swallowing?

Answer 8

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Question 9

Can HYPOthyroidism cause elevated LFTs if TSH in NORMAL?

Answer 9

NO!

Question 10

Older Age, Symptom Duration < 1 YEAR, WEIGHT LOSS, Achalasia manometry, what needs to be RULED OUT?

Answer 10

PSEUDOACHALASIA (GEJ tumor)

Question 11

Which ULCERS benefit from IV PPI therapy?

Answer 11

ONLY those with a VISIBLE VESSEL where EGD intervention is recommended (otherwise PO)

Question 12

Which PART of the COLON is the MOST affected by MICROSCOPIC COLITIS?

Answer 12

RIGHT SIDE (do full colon, not flex sig, you’ll miss 10% patients)

Question 13

Why is CHOLESTYRAMINE helpful in patients with MICROSCOPIC COLITIS?

Answer 13

Becasue there is an INCREASE in BILE ACIDS in the COLON

Question 14

In what GI condition can you see AIR in the PORTAL VEINS?

Answer 14

ISCHEMIC BOWEL DISEASE

Question 15

Woman on OCPs or HORMONE therapy experiences an episode of mild lower abdominal pain, then diarrhea, then blood after 4 hours?

Answer 15

ISCHEMIC COLITIS (FACTOR 5 LEIDEN)

Question 16

What THROMBOPHILIA is most commonly associated with ISCHEMIC COLITIS?

Answer 16

FACTOR 5 LEIDEN

Question 17

TETANY, SEIZURES and SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA is seen in GI patients taking what meds CHRONICALLY?

Answer 17

CHRONIC PPI (>1 YEAR) therapy due to HYPOmagnesemia (STOP the PPI)

Question 18

HYPOmagnesemia causing TETANY, SEIZURES and SVT (supraventricular tachycardia) is seen with chronic use of what meds?

Answer 18

CHRONIC PPI use

Question 19

What commonly used antibiotic causes a CHOLESTATIC (jaundice, high ALP) liver injury?

Answer 19

AMOXICILLIN-CLAVULANIC ACID (also steroids, chlorpromazine, plavix, OCPs, estrogen, erythromycin, ibesartan, TCAs)
NSAIDs and MELOXICAM cause MIXED hepatocellular and cholestatic (all LFTs elevated)

Question 20

How is RECTAL SYPHILIS treated?

Answer 20

PENICILLIN G Benxathine 2.4 MILLION units IM X 1
or
DOXYCYCLINE 100 mg BID x 14 DAYS

Question 21

A patient that presents with symptoms of DYSPHAGIA that has CHEST PAIN or PRESSURE in between episodes, with a NORMAL EKG needs what?

Answer 21

CARDIO EVALUATION (EKG does NOT exclude angina pectoris) before manometry or EGD

Question 22

Which LAXATIVE causes MELANOSIS COLI?

Answer 22

SENNA (anthraquinones)

Question 23

Do gastric EMPTYING rates correlate well with SYMPTOMS in patients with DIABETIC GASTROPARESIS?

Answer 23

NO!

Question 24

Which is the ONLY AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE polyposis syndrome?

Answer 24

MYH-associated polyposis

Question 25

Where is the most common location of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ulcers?

Answer 25

DUODENUM