Miscellaneous Flashcards
What nutrients are malabsorbed in cystic fibrosis?
fat, fat soluble vitamins, essential FA, protein
What blood glucose is considered cystic fibrosis related diabetes?
> 126 mg/dL requires additional testing
Definition of metabolic syndrome
abdominal obesity, HTN, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance
most common food hypersensitivities
milk, eggs, wheat, peanut, soy
Types of food hypersensitivity reactions
IgE, non-IgE, cutaneous IgE, cutaneous non IgE, respiratory IgE
Symptoms of IgE reaction in food hypersensitivity
itching, throat tightness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Symptoms of non-IgE reaction in food hypersensitivity
diarrhea, vomiting, celiac disease, bloody BM
Symptoms of cutaneous IgE reaction in food hypersensitivity
hives or flushing
Symptoms of cutaneous non-Ige reaction in food hypersensitivty
contact hypersensitivity, contact irritation, chronic dermatitis
Symptoms of respiratory IgE reaction in food hypersensitivity
rhinoconjunctivitis, laryngeal edema
What indicates a positive prick skin test in allergy testing?
welt >3 mm
What is RAST?
Radioallergosorbent test- in vitro assay that checks for serum specific IgE antibodies
How long is the limit for strict elimination diets?
6 weeks
Definition of constipation
<3 BM per week
Treatment for constipation
> 1 yr: 0.5 g/kg inc in fiber
<1 yr: barley cereal or prune/pear juice at 2 mL/kg/d
Definition of glycemic load
glycemic index X g CHO present
Definition of glycemic index
ranking system of how quickly a certain CHO raises glucose level
4 types of insulin
Rapid, short, intermediate, long
Characteristics of rapid insulin
15 min, peak at 30-90 min, duration 3-5 hrs
Characteristics of short acting insulin
30-60 min, peak 2-4 hrs, duration 5-8 hrs
Characteristics of intermediate acting insulin
1-3 hrs, peak 8 hrs, duration 12-16 hrs
Characteristics of long acting insulin
1-2 hrs, duration 24 hrs, no peak
Definition of hyperlipidemia
Total cholesterol >200
LDL >110
Examples of gluten free starches
arrowroot, potato, legume, rice, soy, cornmeal, cornstarch, tapioca
When is central access indicated?
When TPN >2 weeks
When is PPN considered?
When TPN <2 weeks
Limitations of PPN
<900 mOsm/L, 12.5% dextrose
What is a PICC?
peripherally inserted central catheter can be used for up to 1 month
What is D-Xylose used for?
checks malabsorption by giving D-xylose and checking for presence in blood
What is qualitative fecal fat used for?
Monitors for fat malabsorption, pancreatic insufficiency and celiac disease
What is qualitative fecal fat test?
2 day collection of stool using a 100 g fat test
What is a barium swallow study?
Visualizes upper GI and small bowel, looks for hiatal hernia, varices and dysmotility
What is an EDG?
tube threaded through esophagus to duodenum taking biopsies
What is an upper GI?
Barium study that visualizes upper GI tract through small bowel looking for inflammation and lesions
What is a barium enema?
Visualizes lower GI including colon/rectum, looking for polyps, colitis, UC, obstruction
What does serum bilirubin test for?
blood test that measures the excretory function of the liver and can help diagnose hepatitis and cholestasis
What does blood ammonia level test for?
measures how well the liver is able to break down protein for excretion
What is prothrombin time tested for?
measures synthetic function of the liver, dependent on vitamin K and other clotting factors
What is the behaviorist learning therory?
learning is modification of behavior based on conditioning
What is the cognitive learning theory?
learning is motivated by the need for certain knowledge and not through a change in behavior
What is the social cognitive learning theory?
An individual will be more likely to modify his/her behavior if they have a role model
What is an EAR?
meets requirements of 50% of designated group
What is RDA?
meets requirements of 98% of designated group
What is AI?
average intake of designated group
What is UI?
maximum intake not likely to pose health risk
What is considered a large residual?
1/2 bolus volume or >2 hrs of continuous feed
What are short term outcomes?
directly related to the process
What are long term outcomes?
related to general quality of care and patient satisfaction
What are 3 types of outcome measures?
clinical, customer functioning, customer satisfaction
What is a clinical outcome measure?
positive results from intervention
What is a customer functioning outcome measure?
ability to perform
