Miscellaneous Flashcards
Herpes can live on surfaces for how long?
24 hours
One in 3 people are carriers of what pathogen on their skin?
Staph aureus
Large outbreaks of which infection have been reported in clusters associated with acu clinics?
Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOT)
who approves the use of various disinfectants for use in healthcare offices and procedures?
Short answer: United states Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Long answer: In the United States, chemical germicides formulated as sanitizers, disinfectants, or sterilants are regulated in interstate commerce by the Antimicrobials Division, Office of Pesticides Program, EPA, under the authority of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) of 1947.
___________ infections are created when pathogens already present in a person are moved into the body or to another location within the body where they are pathogens.
Autogenous
__________ are caused by pathogens acquired from another person or by the environment
cross-infections
List the 2 bloodborne pathogen umbrellas we need to know for this test
Hepatitis
HIV
List the other Healthcare Associated Infections we need to know for this test
1) Tuberculosis
2) Staphylococcus
3) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
4) Mycobacterium Other than Tuberculosis
5) Herpes simplex
6) Influenza
7) Norovirus
8) Clostridium Difficile
What are the two routes of transmition for Hep B, C, and D?
blood borne or sexual contact
Incubation period of HAV
15-50 days
Onset of HAV and HEV is abrupt or insidious?
abrupt
Onset of Hep B, C, and D are abrupt or insidious?
insidious
HBV incubation period
45-160 days
HCV incubation period
14-180 days
HDV incubation period
unknown
HDV hitches a ride on
HBV
HEV incubation period
15-60 days
Vaccine is available for which Hepatitises?
A and B (D by proxy)
Are HAV and HEV chronic?
no
Which demographic is more likely to develop chronic condition from HBV
children
What is the risk of HCV becoming a chronic infection? What percent becomes chronic hepatitis?
75-85%
60-70%
How long can HAV survive outside the body?
months
how do you sanitize a surface with HAV on it?
heat to over 185 degrees
main symptoms of HAV
nausea
fatigue
abdominal discomfort
loss of appetite
dark urine
jaundice
how long does HBV survive in the environment?
7 days
Symptoms of HBV during the incubation phase
insidious onset mild flu-like symptoms such as
abdominal discomfort
fever
anorexia
nausea
chills
joint pain
rash
diarrhea
which is the most common blood-borne infection in the united states?
HCV
rank in terms of most easily contracted: HIV, HCV, and HBV
HIV is hardest to catch
HCV is middle
HBV is easiest to catch (unless person was vaccinated)
most common way for people to be infected with HCV
Hollow needles
How long can HCV survive in the environment?
4-5 days
What are the symptoms of HCV
insidious onset of:
anorexia
nausea
jaundice
vomiting
HDV is transmitted through
percutaneous or mucosal contact with infected blood
How does the presence of HDV make HBV worse?
can accelerate and make a case of mild chronic hepatitis worse
How long can HDV survive on surfaces
no one is sure but same precautions should be taken as HBV
What are the symptoms of HEV
sudden onset of
fever
malaise
anorexia
nausea
sometimes jaundice
mortality rate of pregnant mothers with HEV?
20%
Transmission of HIV is from ________ contact
blood-to-blood
How long can HIV survive in the environment
minutes
incubation period of HIV
8-10 years
When a person is HIV positive and has less than 200 CD4 cells per microliter we diagnose this as
AIDS
initial symptoms of HIV 2-4 weeks after infection can look like
a flu or mononucleosis
IS there a vaccine for tuberculosis?
yes
what are the sx of tuberculosis
feeling weak,
weight loss
cough
etc.
tuberculosis incubation period
3-9 weeks
how often should acupuncturists get tested for tuberculosis
yearly
how long can tuberculosis survive on dry inanimate surfaces?
months
how long can tuberculosis survive in the environment
74 days
what inactivates the tuberculosis bacteria?
light exposure
transmission method of Staphylococcus
contact with discharging wound
how long does staphylococcus survive on surfaces
months
is there a vaccine for staph?
no
incubation period of staph
4-10 days
MRSA transmission
skin contact or contact with objects that have touched infected sites
MRSA incubation period
4-10 days
how long does MRSA last on surfaces
90 days
is there a vaccine for MRSA?
no
how to disinfect MRSA on surfaces
EPA-approved disinfectantq
transmission of Streptococous
when mucus contacts an open wound on the skin
It occurs when bacteria from throat or skin goes where this bacteria is not usually found like subcutaneous tissue, blood, or lungs
incubation period of streptococcus
1-7 days
Sx of streptococcus
sore throat, impetigo, cellulitis
Sx of Staph/MRSA
small warm red bumps that can develop into abscesses
how long does streptococcus a live on surfaces (dry and wet)
dry 6 months
wet 1 year
how long does MOT live on surfaces
months
Sx of MOT
suppurative and ulcerated skin nodules. can also cause lung infections in people who have chronic lung disease
transmission of MOT
medical equipment that has not been sterilized
Sx of Herpes
severe outbreak, followed by quiescence, then prodromal stage (itching, pain, tingling), then outbreak of blisters which heal in 7-10 days.
typical transmission of herpes in clinical environment
saliva
HSV incubation period
4 days
HSV survival on surfaces
a few hours to 8 weeks
how to disinfect HSV
very easily. Lysol or listerine will do the trick.
how to disinfect Staph
Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite
how to disinfect streptococcus
ethyl alcohol
how long does influenza survive in the environment
24 hours
