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PCT Exam Review > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the kidney?

A

-Renin and Erythropoietin Secretion.
-Activation of vitamin D.

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2
Q

What are the excretory functions of the kidneys?

A

-Fluid balance.
-Electrolyte balance.
-Waste removal.
-Acid/base balance.

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3
Q

What can LVH lead to?

A

-Intradialytic hypotension.
-Ischemic heart disease.
-Arrhythmias.
-Myocardial infarction.
-Sudden death.

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4
Q

Sepsis, trauma, anaphylaxis, drugs, and Acute Glomerulonephritis are examples of:

A

Intra-renal causes of AKI.

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5
Q

What are some causes of a more negative pre-pump Arterial Pressure?

A

-Clamped lines.
-Kink in arterial line between vascular access and arterial monitor.
-Clot.
-Increased blood pump speed.
-Needle placement.

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6
Q

What is the dialysate flow pattern that increased the rate of diffusion?

A

Counter-current flow.

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7
Q

What percentage is considered an excessive IDWG?

A

Greater than 5% of the TW.

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8
Q

Patients should be educated to take their phosphate binders when?

A

These are taken with all meals and snacks.

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9
Q

A pre-treatment assessment MUST be completed by a nurse and documented PRIOR to treatment initiation under what conditions?

A

-Abnormal findings on data collection.
-State regulation.
-AKI patient.
-New patient.
-Nurse initiating treatment.

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10
Q

In absence of mentioned conditions, how long does the nurse have to complete and document assessment?

A

1 hour from the start of treatment.

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11
Q

Clotting of a high flux dialyzer will cause the TMP to:

A

Decrease.

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of elevated potassium?

A

-Extreme muscle weakness.
-Abnormal heart rhythm.

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13
Q

What is albumin (protein) needed for?

A

-Growth.
-Health maintenance.
-Infection prevention.
-Wound healing.
-Anemia management.

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14
Q

How far apart do needle tips need to be placed?

A

At least 1.5 inches.

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15
Q

Good needle site rotation and complete needle site clotting techniques prevent which 2 vascular access complications?

A

Prevents the formation of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms.

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16
Q

What are the 3 steps in complete access site evaluation?

A

Look, listen, and feel.

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17
Q

What is the proper use of topical anesthetic spray?

A

-Spray after site disinfection has been completed.
-Hold the can 3-7in. from access site.
-Spray for 4-10sec, until the skin blanches.
-DO NOT frost the skin.

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18
Q

Why is it not necessary to flip the arterial needle?

A

The arterial needle has a back eye and flipping needles can lead to unnecessary access damage.

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19
Q

This cannulator has at least 6 months of AV access cannulation experience and at least 10 successful cannulations on established fistulae:

A

Intermediate cannulator.

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20
Q

What is the required length of time to perform scrub the hub of a CVC?

A

15 seconds.

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21
Q

What is an intervention for muscle cramps?

A

Turning UF off.

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22
Q

What complication is the placed in Left Side Trendelenburg position for?

A

Air embolism.

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23
Q

True/False:

Hypotension and Hypovolemia are associated with increased mortality rates.

A

True.

24
Q

What are the interventions for a patient experiencing chest pain?

A

-Decreased BFR (150ml/min) and UFR.
-Take vital signs.
-Administer Oxygen.

25
Q

For a patient experiencing an Anaphylactic Reaction, what should you do?

A

-Stop suspected therapy.
-Stop blood pump.
-Discontinue treatment.
-DO NOT return blood.

26
Q

What is the definition of a fever?

A

Any temperature > than 100F or 2 rise over baseline with accompanying symptoms.

27
Q

True/False:

The RO (reverse osmosis) is the primary device for purifying water used in dialysis.

A

True.

28
Q

For a patient experiencing a seizure, why would you discontinue the dialysis treatment?

A

If the seizure is severe or the patient does not respond to interventions.

29
Q

When listening to your patient’s access, a whistling sound could indicate what type of stenosis?

A

An outflow stenosis.

30
Q

What is health literacy?

A

The degree to which individuals understand basic health information.

31
Q

On a survey, a covered access can result in which type of deficiency?

A

Immediate jeopardy.

32
Q

If your patient does not receive an intradialytic Heparin infusion, what should be done with the Heparin line?

A

Clamp and knot the line.

33
Q

What is considered an abnormal post-treatment BP for a patient who can stand?

A

-Standing systolic BP greater than 140mm/Hg or less than 90mm/Hg.
-Standing diastolic BP greater than 90mm/Hg or less than 50mm/Hg.

34
Q

In a dialysis patient, this is the most common type of infectious complications:

A

Vascular access infection.

35
Q

Of the 3 different types Vascular access, which one is the most common factor contributing to bacterial infections in dialysis patients?

A

Central Venous Catheters (CVCs).

36
Q

What is the most common route by which pathogens are transmitted in a healthcare setting?

A

Contact transmission.

37
Q

What is the single most important intervention in preventing HAIs?

A

Hand hygiene.

38
Q

What are the 2 times you must use soap and H20 to perform hand hygiene and not use hand sanitizer?

A

-When hands/gloves are visibly soiled.
-When caring for patient with an active C-Diff infection.

39
Q

This test is performed monthly on Hepatitis B susceptible patients:

A

HbsAg - Hepatitis B surface Antigen.

40
Q

What is the suggested BFR and anticipated pre-pump arterial pressure limit for a 17g?

A

-Suggested BFR of 200-250ml/min.
-No more negative than -150mm/Hg.

41
Q

What is the suggested BFR and anticipated pre-pump arterial pressure limit for a 16g?

A

-Suggested BFR of 250-350ml/min.
-No more negative than -200mm/Hg.

42
Q

What is the suggested BFR and anticipated pre-pump arterial pressure limit for a 15g?

A

-Suggested BFR of 350-450ml/min.
-No more negative than -220mm/Hg.

43
Q

What is the suggested BFR and anticipated pre-pump arterial pressure limit for a 14g?

A

-Suggested BFR of >450 ml/min.
-No more negative than -260mm/Hg.

44
Q

What is the recommended maximum UFR/hr?

A

13 ml/kg/hr.

45
Q

How long does the RO need to run before performing a chlorine/Chloramine test?

A

15 minutes.

46
Q

When is the daily water hardness test performed?

A

End of the day.

47
Q

What is the 1st response to a final water quality alarm?

A

Place all machines into bypass.

48
Q

What are some reasons for a machine conductivity alarm?

A

-Equipment failure.
-Debris or precipitate in the lines or filter.
-Absence of concentrate or incorrect concentrate preparation.

49
Q

What is the acceptable Total Chlorine testing limits?

A

Less than or equal to 0.1ppm.

50
Q

Cherry-red colored blood in the venous line is a sign of which patient complication?

A

Hemolysis.

51
Q

What does the Urea Reduction Ration (URR) calculate?

A

The amount of urea removed during dialysis treatment.

52
Q

For an AKI patient, why is being “wet” better than being too dry?

A

Being “wet” helps avoid hypovolemia and hypotensive episodes.

53
Q

Factors influencing K (Clearance):

A

-The dialyzer’s surface area and membrane characteristics.
-Adequate anticoagulation.
-Blood Flow Rate (BFR).
-Total Blood Volume processed (BVP).
-Dialysis Flow Rate (DFR).
-UF goal.

54
Q

Factors influencing t (time):

A

-Longer blood/dialysate contact time.
-More frequent or extra treatments.

55
Q

Factors influencing V (Volume):

A

-A person’s height, weight, sex, age, and amputations are including in calculating V.
-On average, a person’s body is composed of 50-55% water.

56
Q

How long do you wait after lowering the blood pump speed before drawing the post-treatment Kt/V?

A

15 seconds.

PCT Exam Review (2 decks)

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