Miscarriage, Ectopic and Abortion Flashcards
Define threatened miscarriage
vaginal bleeding in an ongoing pregnancy
define inevitable miscarriage
cervix begins to dilate
define incomplete miscarriage
passage of some but not all products of conception
complete miscarriage
all products of conception have been expelled from the uterus
missed (silent) miscarriage
foetus has died in utero before 20 weeks but has not been expelled
anembryonic pregnancy
a variety of ‘missed’ miscarriage in which embryonic development fails at a very early stage, the sac continues to develop, no foetal parts evident on USS
septic miscarriage
complication of incomplete miscarriage, when IU infection occurs
recurrent miscarrage
3 or more consecutive miscarriages
what is the incidence of miscarriage?
ratio 10-25%
causes of miscarriage
foetal chromosomal abnormalities endocrine factors (PCOS) immunological-auto/alloimmune disease uterine anomalies infections environmwntal pollutants (smoking, alcohol) idiopathic- 50%
What % of miscarriage is a result of fetal c/s abnormalities?
about half
50% autosomal trisomy
20% 45XO monosomy
20% polypoidy
what is an ectopic pregnancy?
a non-intrauterine pregnancy
can be ovarian, cervical, intrabdominal, vast majority are tubal
(50% ampulla, 28% isthmus)
incidence of ectopic pregnancy?
1:200-400 pregnancies
Risk factors for ectopic?
previous ectopic prev surgery pelvic infection endometriosis IVF
Symptoms of ectopic?
may be asymptomatic Right/left/bilateral lower abdo pain PV bleeding intra-abdo haemorrhage (peritonism and shouder tip pain) collapse
