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Obstetrics > Miscarriage > Flashcards

Miscarriage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 types of miscarriage?

A 
Threatened
Inevitable
Incomplete (and septic)
Complete
Missed
Recurrent
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2
Q

What is a threatened miscarriage?

A

DDx for early vaginal bleed

May/may not cause pain

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3
Q

What may be seen o/e in threatened miscarriage?

A

Closed cervix

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4
Q

Investigation of threatened miscarriage?

A

USS

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5
Q

What are good signs on USS in threatened miscarriage?

A

Gestational sac intact and no haematoma

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6
Q

Management of threatened miscarriage?

A

Conservative

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7
Q

What is an inevitable miscarriage?

A

Open cervix with bleeding
Strong cramping

Examination shows open cervix

Still viable

Heavy clots

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8
Q

What is treatment of inevitable miscarriage?

A

Conservative

IF MATERNAL BLEEDING VERY BAD
Manual evacuation/misoprostol
Analgesia
Counselling

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9
Q

What is an incomplete miscarriage?

A

Some POC still retained in uterus

- Dilated cervix

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10
Q

Treatment of incomplete miscarriage?

A

Prostaglandin analogue
- Misoprostol

May need vacuum suction or evacuation of retained POC (ERPC)

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11
Q

What is a complete miscarriage?

A

All POC expelled from uterus

Cervix closed

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12
Q

What is a missed miscarriage?

A

Foetus dead but not been expelled

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13
Q

Investigation of missed miscarriage?

A

Foetal HR undetectable

Empty gestational sac

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14
Q

Treatment of missed miscarriage?

A

Misoprostol

ERPC

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15
Q

What is a a dangerous complication of an incomplete miscarriage?

A

Sepsis

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16
Q

What is the definition of recurrent miscarriage?

A

Spontaneous loss of >2 consecutive pregnancies

17
Q

What are the anatomical causes of recurrent miscarriage?

A

Bicornuate uterus

Fibroids

18
Q

When will miscarriage happen if the patient has a bicorunate uterus?

A

2nd trimester

19
Q

What are the other causes of recurrent miscarriage?

A 
Genetics
Cervical incompetence 
Age
PCOS
Immunological
20
Q

What may be found on history if cause is cervical incontinence?

A

Episodes of cervical dilatation in the past

21
Q

What are the immunological causes of recurrent miscarriage?

A

SLE

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Obstetrics (15 decks)

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