Misc. Topics I Flashcards
Local Users and Groups
lusrmgr.msc
rights and roles of users and groups on a local computer
Group Policy editor
gpedit.msc
define and control how programs, network resources, and the OS operate for users, groups and computers on a network
System Configuration
msconfig.exe
troubleshoot startup processes, disable or re-enable software, device drivers or other services that run at startup
FAT32
only supports drives up to 32 GB and files up to 4 GB
Heuristic Analysis
method employed by many computer anti-virus programs designed to detect previously unknown viruses and new variants.
It is behavior-based detection and prevention so it should stop it from spreading through the system.
bootrec /fixboot
repairs a drive’s boot sector
for when the “OS is not found” but the HDD shows up in the boot order
tracecert
traces an IP packet’s path from source to destination
will tell you where in the path connection may be broken, whereas ping will only tell you if connection has been made
performs a series of ICMP echo requests to determine where in the path there is a breakdown
Enhanced Open
feature of WPA3 (WiFi 6) which enable encryption for traffic being sent and received over a wireless signal when still using open authentication
Resource Monitor
resmon.exe
utility used to display info about the hardware and software resources in real time
System Info
msinfo32.exe
utility that gathers info about the computer and displays a comprehensive list of hardware, system components and software environment that can be used to diagnose
DirectX diagnostic
dxdiag.exe
utility used to collect info about devices to help troubleshoot problems with DirectX sound and video
Device Manager
dvmgmt.msc
utility used to view and control the hardware attached to the computer
it will highlight malfunctioning hardware so the tech can repair
GPT
GUID Partition Table
modern disk partitioning system allowing large numbers of partition and large partition sizes
need support of UEFI
capability of 9.7 ZB and up to 128 partitions
GDPR
regulated data
General Data Protection Regulation
PHI
regulated data
Protected Health Info
PCI
regulated data
Payment Card Industry
SFC
System File Checker
command utility in Windows that allows users to scan for and restore corrupted Windows System files from the command line
RegEdit
regedit
Registry Edit
allows to view and make changes to system files and programs that you wouldnt be able to access otherwise
the registry is a database made up of hives and keys that controls various settings on a Windows system
the ‘dd’ command
used to convert and copy files on Unix systems
NFS
Network File System
used to mount remote storage devices on Linux
Pagefile
In Windows it is a hidden system file with the .sys file extension
allows the computer to perform smoothly by reducing the workload of physical memory
every time you open more applications that the RAM can handle, the programs on the RAM are automatically transferred to the Pagefile
Where are Graphics Card drivers settings in Windows
under Device Management
Line condition
helps against under-voltage events
uninterruptible power supply
the ‘dig’ command
Linux command to query DNS to obtain info about host address, mail exchange, nameservices, and related info
Low-level formatting
should make recovering data on HDD impossible
Standard formatting
could allow data on HDDs to be restored
Windows 11 min requirements
dual core 1GHz processor
4GB RAM
64 GB of disk space
Windows 10 (x86 32 bit) min requirements
single core 1 GHz processor
1 GB RAM
16 GB of drive space (?)(elsewhere I saw 32 GB)
Windows 10 (x64 64 bit)
single core 1 GHz processor
2 GB RAM
20 GB of disk space (?)(elsewhere I saw 32 GB)
Setup log
contains a record of events during the Windows installation or upgrade process
‘Services’ feature in Task Manager
allows to disable Windows update service
Private Network
allows computers and other services to be discoverable on the network
Public Network
Does not allow computers or services to be discoverable on the network
SAE
Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) is a password-based authentication and password-authenticated key agreement method used in WPA3 that replaced the 4-way handshake used in WPA-based wireless networks.
The SAE handshake is also known as the dragonfly handshake. Enhanced Open enables encryption for traffic being sent and received over a wireless network when still using open authentication.
AES GCMP
AES Galois Counter Mode Protocol (GCMP) is a high-performance mode of operation for symmetric encryption that supports authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD).
Repair installation
Repair installation is a type of installation that attempts to replace the existing version of the operating system files with a new copy of the same version.
A repair installation is useful when trying to repair a Windows computer that will not boot or when you believe the system files have become corrupted.
A repair installation will only affect the system files and not any of the user’s settings, customizations, or applications.
Refresh installation
A refresh installation is a type of installation that will recopy the system files and revert most system settings to their default configuration while preserving user personalization settings, data files, and applications installed through the Windows Store.
Any applications installed outside of the Windows Store, though, will be deleted if you use a refresh installation.
What risks to the servers could occur due to low humidity level?
accidental static discharge
What risks to the servers could occur due to high humidity level?
Corrosion of the servers
Line conditioner
Used to protect an entire power circuit from under-voltage events and power sags.
Raise a sag or under-voltage event back to normal levels, but it cannot protect the line from a complete power failure or power outage.
Where to find Hyper-V on Windows
The Programs and Features section of the Control Panel allows a technician to install or remove applications, software packages, and features in the Windows operating system.
Hyper-V is considered an additional feature in Windows 10 Pro and can be enabled from the Windows Features section of the Programs and Features tool.
DLP
Data loss prevention software detects potential data breaches/data ex-filtration transmissions and prevents them by monitoring, detecting, and blocking sensitive data while in use (endpoint actions), in-motion (network traffic), and at rest (data storage).
What commands should you use to repair the first 512-byte sector on the hard disk?
bootrec /fixmbr
The master boot record (MBR) is the first 512-byte sector on a hard disk. It contains the partitioning information for a drive. To repair the master boot record (MBR), you should use the command “bootrec /fixmbr” and reboot the computer.
make directory in windows
mkdir
remove directory in windows
rmdir
view the name of the device in windows
hostname
format disk for use with windows (be careful you can lose data)
format diskname
copy files from one location to another
copy (/v, /y)
/v - verifies that new files are written correctly
/y - answers yes to all the prompts
copy files and directory trees in windows
xcopy
xcopy /s Documents m:\backups
a better xcopy
included in windows 10 and 11
robocopy
force a group policy update
gpupdate
gpupdate /target:{compute|user} /force
verify policy settings for a computer or user
gpresult /r
wait nn seconds then shut down on windows
shutdown /s /t nn
shutdown and restart after nn seconds on windows
shutdown /r /t nn
abort the countdown for a shutdown on windows
shutdown /a
scan integrity of all protected files systems on windows
sfc /scannow
System File Checker
fix logical file system errors on the disk on windows
chkdsk /f
locate bad sectors and recovers readable information (implying fixing) of a disk/filesystem on windows
chkdsk /r
manage disk configuration interpreter on windows
diskpart
view the About Windows dialog
winver
view IP info on windows
ipconfig
test reachability
ping {IP address}
network statistics
netstat
netstate -a
show all active connections
netstat -b
show binaries (windows)
netstat -n
dont resolve names
look up info from DNS servers
nslookup
view network resources
net view \<servername></servername>
net view /workgroup:<workgroupname></workgroupname>
view user acct info and reset passwords
net user <username></username>
net user <username> * /domain</username>
determine the route a packet takes to a destination
tracecert {IPaddress}
change mode of filesystem on linux
chmod
chmod mode FILE
chmod 744 script.sh
view interface address on linux
ip address
view IP routing table on linux
ip route
view file systems and free space on linux
df
df -h
view human readable sizes
view the current processes on linux
ps
ps -e | more
view all processes
view the ‘task manager’ for linux
top
lookup information from the DNS server on linux
dig
.vbs
microsoft Visual Basic script
used for windows related scripting
most often to automate things related to microsoft office
.bat
batch file
commonly runs in the console or the command line of a windows device and it can automate the same process a user would normally perform at the command prompt
an example is to compare files on a windows workstation
.ps1
PowerShell is a windows only scripting environment
extends functionality to enable the automation of internal windows and Active Directory functions
