Misc things to learn Flashcards

1
Q

je visite ____ place (quoi?)

A

City: nothing Country: le, la, les

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2
Q

essay beginning words (not intro)

A

d’abord, premièrement, en premier lieu, pour commencer

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2
Q

essay words to give your opinion

A

a mon avis, selon moi, d’apres moi, en ce qui me concerne, je pense que, je crois que, j’estime que (indicative, but subjunctive in negative)

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3
Q

essay opposition words

A

mais, malgre cela, pourtant, au contraire, or, cependant, en revanche, néanmois, toutefois, en fait

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4
Q

or

A

however, but - formal

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4
Q

la plupart ___ gens (exception)

A

DES (du, de la)

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6
Q

…pour que…

A

so that (for the purpose of)

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7
Q

..car..

A

because

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8
Q

-eur

A

feminine (exception - le bonheur)

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8
Q

-tion, -sion

A

feminine (exceptions

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8
Q

demonstrative pronouns - replace the noun

A

celie, celle, ceux, celles (can be followed by -ci or -là or prepositions (de, a, sur, pour) or pronouns (qui, que, ou, dont)

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9
Q

tellement que, tellement + adj/adv + que

A

so much that, so (adj/adv) that

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10
Q

…jusqu’a ce que

A

until (subjunctive)

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11
Q

au lieu de

A

instead of - standard

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12
Q

malgré + article + noun

A

despite

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12
Q

use this for “a qui?”

A

pronous coi - lui leur me te se vs ns se

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14
Q

…comme si…

A

as if (like, in the same fashion that)

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14
Q

en fait

A

in fact - standard

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14
Q

probleme gender

A

masculine

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14
Q

essay introduction words

A

autrefois, aujourd’hui, de nos jours, a présent, il y a quelques annees, au siecle dernier

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15
Q

use this for “de quoi? des quoi?”

A

en

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16
Q

islands function as (city/country)

A

city

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17
Q

…parce que…

A

because

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17
Q

US states function as (city/country)

A

country

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18
...grâce à...
thanks to (+noun)
19
fleuve gender
masculine
20
pourtant
nevertheless - standard
20
essay comparing words
ainsi, comme, ainsi que, par rapport a, en comparison avec
21
...mais...
but
22
pour
unfinished events, future events, precise timeframe
22
alors
then, so, in that case; at that time,
22
use this for "d'ou?"
en
22
verbes + de (that trigger duquel)
a cote de, a gauche de, au bord de, au dessus de, a cause de
23
use this after prepositions - a, de, en, chez, par, pour, etc
accent tonique
24
tant que
so much that, so (adj/adv) that (more formal)
25
essay finishing words
enfin, finalement, en dernier lieu, pour terminer
26
-age exceptions
FEM-image, page, plage, cage, nage
27
...en raison de...
because of (+noun), very formal
28
place, or when "quand" would be used
29
verbes de sentiment
aimer, preferer, detester, hair, adorer, desirer, supporter
30
-ée
feminine (exceptions - le musee, le lycee)
30
-eau
masculine (exceptions: la eau, la peau)
31
c'est la raison pour laquelle
donc (so) - it's the reason for which - formal
32
use this for "combien?"
en
33
je viens _____ place (d'ou?)
City: (gender neutral) de Country: du - masc, de - fem/vowel, des - plural
34
au lieu de + infinitive/noun
instead of (implies should have been doing something else)
35
spelling - calm
calme
36
exceptions to cities
Le Caire, Le Cap, La Havane, La Nouvelle-Orleans, Le Havre, Le Mans, La Rochelle
36
essay insisting words
surtout, en particulier, notamment
37
use this for "a quoi?"
y
38
afin de + infinitive
for the purpose of, so as (to ...) - SAME SUBJECT
39
-isme
masculine
40
cependant
however, but - formal
40
pronoun relatif with prepositions (avec, chez, dans, pour, sans) except a and de
person - qui thing - lequel/laquelle/lesquelles/lesquelles
41
pendant
finished event in the past or future event with approximate/vague timeframe
42
possessive pronouns (nouns)
feminine: (la) mienne, tienne, sienne, nÔtre, vÔtre, (la) leur masculine: (le) mien, tien, sien, nÔtre, vÔtre, (le) leur plural: add s (gender/number of subject, not owner)
43
c'est pourquoi, c'est pour ça que
donc (so) - for that reason - normal
44
imparfait situations
description action without specific end d'habitude explanation with (AFTER) car, parce que, qui, que, dont
45
etc
et bien d'autres .... encore
46
mais + quand même
but + anyway (but I did it anyway) - standard
47
bad (adjective)
mauvais(e)
47
livre gender
masculine
47
spelling - problem
un problème
47
raconter vs rencontre
raconter a story, rencontre a friend
48
-on exceptions
(SON) boisson, maison, prison, raison, saison
49
...tandis que...
while
49
possessive pronouns (adjectives)
feminine: ma, ta, sa, notre, votre, SA masculine: mon, ton, son, notre, votre, leur plural: mes, tes, ses, nos, vos, leurs (gender/number of subject, not owner)
50
autant
as much as, equal, the same amount
52
...depuis que..
since
52
-ance, -ence
feminine (exception - le silence)
54
en revanche
in contrast, on the other hand - formal
56
il y a que
same as depuis, continuing
57
exceptions to COI - verb + A
penser a, tenir a, faire attention a; all pronominal verbs - s'interresse a, se presenter a, a'dresser a, s'habituer a
58
je vais ______ place (ou?)
City: (gender neutral) à Country: au - masc; en - fem/vowel, aux - plural
59
verbes + de (that trigger dont)
avoir besoin de, avoir envie de, avoir l'habitude se, s'occuper de, se souvenier de, parler de, se servir de
60
il y a (vs depuis)
in the past, finished (also "ago")
61
worse than, the worst
le/la plus mauvais(es); le/la pire(s)
61
pronouns COI
lui leur me te se vs ns se
62
passe compose situations
soudain, subitement, tout a coup, alors, un jour, d'abord, a ce moment-la, ensuite, apres, enfin action already finished list of actions I \_\_\_\_\_ed two hours, two days, etc used in conjunction with present verbs (I waited so long that now I .....)
63
essay exclusion words
sauf, a part, a l'exception de
65
pour + infinitive
for the purpose of, so as (to ...) - SAME SUBJECT
67
verbes + a (that trigger auquel)
s'interreser a, faire attention a, penser a, reflechir a, repondre a, tenir a, joeur a, ressembler a
69
tant de + nom, tellement de + nom (also plus que)
beaucoup de (tant is more formal)
70
...quand...
when
72
...apres que...
after
73
essay cause words
comme, car, parce que, puisque, en effet, a cause de, grace a, en raison de
74
gerundive
(en) nous base + ant
75
-son
feminine
77
...sous prétexte que...
false cause, under the pretext of (start of sentence ok)
78
en (in place of pendant)
short time frame; used to express the time to do and finish something to obtain a specific result
80
tense structure with depuis que - finished?
present-\>passe compose
81
-phone
masculine
82
pronouns COD
le, la, les - chose; me, te, se, nous, vous, se - person
83
que
subject is NOT the subject of the next phrase (direct object); if qu' then que l'
84
spelling - example
un exemple
86
malgré + noun
despite - formal
87
ainsi
so, thus, therefore - also "like that" or "this way"
88
but
objective
90
...pendant que...
while
91
...bien que....
but (subjunctive)
93
alors que
at that time, while, even though
93
du coup
donc (so) - slang
93
essay continuing words
ensuite, puis, en second lieu, pour continuer, de plus, par ailleurs, en outre, aussi, également, deuxièmement
95
donc
used like the english "so" - pointed or filler - thus, therefore, it must be, in that case (best placed after the second verb; if neg place before pas)
96
indefinite (generalized) demonstrative pronouns
ce, ça, cela (that there), ceci (this here, least common)
97
if then - not probable
imparfait-\>conditional
98
...lorsque...
when
99
...aussitôt que...
as soon as (immediate)
101
par conséquent, en conséquence
donc (so) - because of that - formal
103
ainsi que
just as/like (I thought), as much as
104
...comme..
because (start of sentence ok)
105
-on
masculine (exceptions - son)
106
..si bien que..
so (for that reason)
108
bad (adverb)
mal
110
...dès que...
as soon as (immediate)
110
...à cause de..
because of (+ noun)
111
subjunctive phrases
avant que, jusqu'a ce que, en attendant que, pour que, afin que
112
spelling - difficult
difficile
113
use this after imperative (pronominal)
accent tonique
114
-age ending
masculine (exceptions)
115
use this for "ou?"
y
117
...en attendant que...
while (while waiting for) - subjunctive
117
...puisque...
because, something very obvious and evident (start of sentence ok)
118
well / better than (adverb)
bien - mieux (que)
119
no pendant/pour with...
numbers, quantity, or before attendre, durer, rester
120
three exception adjectives
beau/bel/belle; nouveau/nouvel/nouvelles; vieux/vieil/vielle
121
opposite of quelques
aucune/aucune
122
etre + adj + de (that trigger dont)
content, capable, sur, certain, fier, surpris, amoureux, etc
123
tense structure with depuis que - not finished/ongoing?
present-\>present
124
depuis (vs il y a)
in the past, continuing to the present
125
au contraire/par contre
au contraire, but on the other hand - standard
126
si + adj + que
so much that, so (adj/adv) that (more formal)
127
pour que
SUBJUNCTIVE - for the purpose of, so that - DIFFERENT SUBJECT
129
...une fois que...
once
130
essay (but also) words
non seulement .... mais aussi; d'une part, et d'autre part; d'un cote, d'une autre cote
132
pronoun relatif with preposition à
person - qui thing - auquel, à laquelle, auxquels, auxquelles
134
pour + noun
for (the purpose of, to get the)
135
masculine exception rules
-age, -phone, -isme
136
afin que
SUBJUNCTIVE - for the purpose of, so that - DIFFERENT SUBJECT
137
use this for "un quoi? une quoi?"
en
139
feminine exception rules
-tion, -sion, -eur, -son
140
...si,....
if, then
142
ça fait que
same as depuis, il y a que, continuing
143
accent tonique
moi, toi, lui, elle, soi, nous, vous, eux, elles (chacun-soi)
144
if then - probable
present-\>present/future simple
145
spelling - group
un groupe
146
pronoun relatif with preposition de
person - qui thing - duquel, de laquelle, desquels, desquelles
147
adjective for good
bon/bons/bonne/bonnes
148
demonstrative pronouns - THIS+noun, always before noun
ce, cette, ces
149
better than (adjective)
meilleur/meilleurs/meilleure/meillures
151
qui
subject is subject of the next phrase; never qu'
152
-ment
masculine
153
pendant with non-numbers...
pendant que-\>phrase, pendant-\>noun
154
...avant que...
before (subjunctive)
155
use this for "qui?" or "quoi?"
COD (le la les me te etc)
156
exceptions to countries
Le Mexique, Le Mozambique, Le Cambodge,
157
...étant donné que...
because - very formal, administrative (start of sentence ok)
158
...donc..
so (for that reason)
159
dont
with which, with whom, of which, of whom; used in place of "en" or de + xxx)