Misc info Flashcards
Name the three primary cerebral vesicles and what they become:
Prosencephalon: forebrain
Mesencephalon: midbrain
Rhombencephalon: hindbrain
What are the secondary cerebral vesicles formed by the prosencephalon and what do they become?
Paired telencephalic vesicles: cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalic vesicle: thalamic structures, 3rd vesicle
What are the secondary cerebral vesicles formed by the rhombencephalon and what do they become?
Metencephalon: pons & cerebellum
Myelencephalon: medulla
What is the 4th ventricle derived from?
lumen of entire rhombencephalon
What is the pons derived from?
Metencephalon
What is the 3rd ventricle derived from?
Diencephalon
What are the cerebral hemispheres derived from?
Telencephalon
What is the midbrain derived from?
Mesencephalon
What are the thalamic structures derived from?
Diencephalon
What is the medulla derived from?
Myelencephalon
What cells does the neural crest give rise to?
Schwaan cells & peripheral neurons
What cells does the mesoderm give rise to?
Microglia
What cells does the neuroectoderm give rise to?
CNS neurons, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes & astrocytes
What is the Nissl body equivalent to?
Rough ER (protein synthesis)
Where does reabsorption of the CSF occur?
Dural sinuses
Which NT initiates voluntary movement?
Dopamine
What secretes sonic hedgehog (SHH)?
Notochord
Which genes regulate transcription of genes that code for the vertebral column during embryogenesis?
Hox
Which genes determine pattern of vertebral segments and rostral caudal patterning?
Homeobox genes
Which gene determines dorsal ventral patterning which gives rise to distinct cell populations (sensory, motor)?
SHH
What structure differentiates into the sensory portion of the spinal cord, and receives input from its corresponding dermatome?
Alar plate
What structure differentiates into the motor portion of the spinal cord?
Basal plate
What structure separates into the alar and basal plates?
Sulcus limitans
What does the lumen of the telencephalon become?
4th ventricle and choroid plexus
During S phase, are cells located superficial or deep?
Superficial (closest to pia mater)
During M phase, are cells located superficial or deep?
Deep, detached from superficial surface
What is the secondary zone of neurogenesis called which gives rise to granular progenitor cells which migrate to the cerebellum?
The External Granular Layer (EGL)
In what stage of the cell cycle do cells migrate from the ventricular zone to a secondary site of neurogenesis?
Before exiting mitotic phase
Where does neurogenesis occur in the adult?
Dentate gyrus and subventricular zone
In the cortex, the first neurons to become postmitotic and leave secondary zone of neurogenesis form what structure?
Preplate (PP)
the dentate gyrus is the secondary site of neurogenesis for which cells?
Hippocampal cells
What is Syringomyelia?
Cystic degeneration of the spinal cord - esp anterior white commissure. Results in cape-like distribution loss of pain and temperature sensation.
What is Horner syndrome?
If the syrinx of syringomyelia gets so big that it affects the lateral horn, then you disrupt sympathetic input to face and and have ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis.
What is Poliomyelitis?
Damage to anterior motor horn due to poliovirus infection
What is Werding-Hoffman Disease?
Inherited degeneration of the anterior motor horn; aut recessive
What is ALS?
Degenerative disorder of upper and lower motor neurons of the corticospinal tract
What kind of drug is used to treat ALS?
Glutamate inhibitor
What drug is used diagnostically to evaluate MG?
Edrophonium, an AChE-I
Which G protein is the B1 R associated with?
Gs
Which G protein is the alpha1 R associated with?
Gq
What type of receptor is the Glu-NMDA R?
non-selective cation channel (NSC)
Which G protein is the B2 R associated with?
Gs
Which G protein is the M2 R associated with?
Gi/o
Which G protein are the M1,2,3 Rs associated with?
Gq
Which G protein is the alpha2 R associated with?
Gi/o
What type of channel is the NMJ AChR?
non-selective cation channel (NSC)
The notochord releases Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) which induces what?
Induces the overlying ectoderm to divide more rapidly, forming a thickened mass, the neural plate.
