Misc. Info Flashcards
(20 cards)
Definition of Reducing Potential
Reduction potential (also known as redox potential, oxidation / reduction potential, ORP, pE, ε, or ) is a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced. Reduction potential is measured in volts (V), or millivolts (mV
Joulse Units
(Kg•m2)/S2
angstrom in meters
=10-10 meters
What is the most common Beta decay?
B-
describe electron capture (type or radioactive decay of sorts)
electron capture is a way for an unstable atom to gain an extra neutron. Electron capture uses an electron from the innermost electron shell, combined with a proton, to create an extra neutron.
What type of atomic radiation is carbon dating?
B-
energy of a discrete electron level in a bohr atom.
=(-2.718•10-18)/n2
where n=electron energy level
note: to calculate energy of emitted photon, calculate differnce in electron energy levels. energy released from atom is negative
Aufbau Principle
electrons begin filling low energy orbitals first
Pauli exclusion principle
no more than 2 electrons per orbital
Hunds rule
electrons occupy all orbitals singly before pairing
diamagnetic
electron configuration in which all energy subshells have paired electrons. therefore, the electrical/magnetic activity of the electrons cancel one another and magnetism does not attract or repel them. They are considered, “spin paired”
paramagnetic
paratroopers jump ‘single’ file. electrons that are paramagnetic are not spin paired and therefore that makes the atom subject to magnetic attraction/repulsion.
1 Calorie equals 4.2 Joules
define calorie
1 calorie=4.2 joules
4.2J is the C of water.
the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of wate by 1 degrees in Celsius
Hess’s law
Hess’s law states that the enthalpy of a reaction is independent of the pathway of the reaction. This theory is supported by the fact that the enthalpy of a reaction is equal to the sum of the heat of formation of the products of a reactio minus the sum of the heat of formation of the reactants of a reaction. The reaction enthalpy doens’t depend on the pathway
give the units of the specific heat constant: C
i.e. q=mC(TF-TI)
C=joules/(Kg•Cº)
can use celsius or kelvin here, same scale
also notice that this constant will cancel all units except joules. Therefore, q is a measure of heat ENERGY. same as H, enthalpy
specific heat equation
heat of fusion/vaporization equation
specific heat (aka: heat energy required to change mass of substance by a certain temp): q=mC(Tf-TI)
heat of fusion/vap (aka heat energy required when a substance’s temp stays the same but its changing phase): q=mL where L is the heat of fusion/vaporization for the substance
phase diagram terminology:
critical point vs. super critical point
the critical pint is a place on the phase diagram at which the liquid gas boundary is not distinguishable. the super critical point is where the substance no longer has the properties of a gas or liquid but something in between.
ionization energy (aka ionization potential)
energy required to remove an electron from a atom.
the smaller the ionization energy, the more violent a reaction would be. for instance, potassium has a really small ionization potential. potassium reacts violently with water
equivalent mass (aka equivalent weight)
the mass of a compound that produces the equivalent of one mole of protons or accepts the equivalent of one more protons.
for example, if the molar mass of H4O is 20, the equivalent weight, since the compound is diprotic, would be 10. 10 grams would produce one mole of hydrogen protons
define blood pressure in terms of ohms law
BP=cardiac output x TPR
