Misc. Info

Question 1

Definition of Reducing Potential

Answer 1

Reduction potential (also known as redox potential, oxidation / reduction potential, ORP, pE, ε, or ) is a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced. Reduction potential is measured in volts (V), or millivolts (mV

Question 2

Joulse Units

Answer 2

(Kg•m²)/S²

Question 3

angstrom in meters

Answer 3

=10^-10 meters

Question 4

What is the most common Beta decay?

Answer 4

B^-

Question 5

describe electron capture (type or radioactive decay of sorts)

Answer 5

electron capture is a way for an unstable atom to gain an extra neutron. Electron capture uses an electron from the innermost electron shell, combined with a proton, to create an extra neutron.

Question 6

What type of atomic radiation is carbon dating?

Answer 6

B^-

Question 7

energy of a discrete electron level in a bohr atom.

Answer 7

=(-2.718•10^-18)/n²

where n=electron energy level

note: to calculate energy of emitted photon, calculate differnce in electron energy levels. energy released from atom is negative

Question 8

Aufbau Principle

Answer 8

electrons begin filling low energy orbitals first

Question 9

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 9

no more than 2 electrons per orbital

Question 10

Hunds rule

Answer 10

electrons occupy all orbitals singly before pairing

Question 11

diamagnetic

Answer 11

electron configuration in which all energy subshells have paired electrons. therefore, the electrical/magnetic activity of the electrons cancel one another and magnetism does not attract or repel them. They are considered, “spin paired”

Question 12

paramagnetic

Answer 12

paratroopers jump ‘single’ file. electrons that are paramagnetic are not spin paired and therefore that makes the atom subject to magnetic attraction/repulsion.

Question 13

1 Calorie equals 4.2 Joules

define calorie

Answer 13

1 calorie=4.2 joules

4.2J is the C of water.

the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of wate by 1 degrees in Celsius

Question 14

Hess’s law

Answer 14

Hess’s law states that the enthalpy of a reaction is independent of the pathway of the reaction. This theory is supported by the fact that the enthalpy of a reaction is equal to the sum of the heat of formation of the products of a reactio minus the sum of the heat of formation of the reactants of a reaction. The reaction enthalpy doens’t depend on the pathway

Question 15

give the units of the specific heat constant: C

i.e. q=mC(T_F-T_I)

Answer 15

C=joules/(Kg•Cº)

can use celsius or kelvin here, same scale

also notice that this constant will cancel all units except joules. Therefore, q is a measure of heat ENERGY. same as H, enthalpy

Question 16

specific heat equation

heat of fusion/vaporization equation

Answer 16

specific heat (aka: heat energy required to change mass of substance by a certain temp): q=mC(T_f-T_I)

heat of fusion/vap (aka heat energy required when a substance’s temp stays the same but its changing phase): q=mL where L is the heat of fusion/vaporization for the substance

Question 17

phase diagram terminology:

critical point vs. super critical point

Answer 17

the critical pint is a place on the phase diagram at which the liquid gas boundary is not distinguishable. the super critical point is where the substance no longer has the properties of a gas or liquid but something in between.

Question 18

ionization energy (aka ionization potential)

Answer 18

energy required to remove an electron from a atom.

the smaller the ionization energy, the more violent a reaction would be. for instance, potassium has a really small ionization potential. potassium reacts violently with water

Question 19

equivalent mass (aka equivalent weight)

Answer 19

the mass of a compound that produces the equivalent of one mole of protons or accepts the equivalent of one more protons.

for example, if the molar mass of H4O is 20, the equivalent weight, since the compound is diprotic, would be 10. 10 grams would produce one mole of hydrogen protons

Question 20

define blood pressure in terms of ohms law

Answer 20

BP=cardiac output x TPR