Misc. Anti-infectives

Question 1

Acyclovir brand name

Answer 1

Zovirax

Question 2

Acyclovir Indications/Dosage

Answer 2

Genital Herpes in immulocompromised patients: 200mg PO Q4h while awake, for a total of 5 caps daily x10 days.
suppressive therapy: 200mg 3-5x/day or 400mg BID for up to 12 months
Zoster: 800mg q4h 5x/day for 7-10 days. begin within 72h of zoster rash

Question 3

Acyclovir Mechanism

Answer 3

Synthetic acyclic purine nucleotide
Metabolite interferes with DNA polymerase, inhibiting viral DNA replication
inhibits HSV1, HSV2, viracella-zoster, Epstein-Barr, and cytomegalovirus

Question 4

Acyclovir Drug Interactions

Answer 4

Probenecid: decreased elimination

Question 5

Acyclovir CI/Precautions

Answer 5

CI: known hypersensitivity
reduce dosage in renal impairment
precipitation may occur in dehydrated patients
Caution patients to avoid transmission during active phases of disease

Question 6

Acyclovir Pregnancy Category

Answer 6

B

Question 7

Acyclovir ADR

Answer 7

Oral: Nausea/Vomiting
Topical: stinging, burning, pruritis
Injection: phlebitis, inflammation at injection site, transient Cr elevation, rash, hives

Question 8

Acyclovir patient education

Answer 8

Avoid sex when visible lesions present
Notify physician if frequency/severity does not improve
Drink plenty of fluids during therapy!!
Contact physician if ADR’s are severe or persistent

Question 9

Clindamycin brand name

Answer 9

Cleocin

Question 10

Clindamycin indication/dosage

Answer 10

anaerobic infections, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus (except faecalis), and pneumococci
150-450mg q6h
Reserved for PCN-allergic patients or when PCN is inappropriate

DOES NOT cross BBB, do not use to treat meningitis

Question 11

Clindamycin mechanism

Answer 11

binds to 50s subunit of ribosones and suppresses protein synthesis

Question 12

Clindamycin drug interactions

Answer 12

may potentiate effects of neuromuscular blockade

use of clindamycin + erythromycin decreases effectiveness of both

Question 13

Clindamycin CI/precautions

Answer 13

C. diff reported with clinda, report severe/persistent diarrhea
caution: elderly patients, patients with history of GI disease (including colitis), atopic patients

Question 14

Clindamycin pregnancy category

Answer 14

B

Question 15

Clindamycin adverse effects

Answer 15

abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, puritis, vaginitis

Report: muscle pain, severe diarrhea, or rash

Question 16

Clindamycin patient education

Answer 16

discontinue use if rash or severe/persistent diarrhea develop
finish medication course!!!
drink full glass of water after each dose
without regards to meals