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Pharmacology > misc > Flashcards

misc Flashcards

1
Q

IgE receptors expressed where?

A

mast cells and eosinophils

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2
Q

how does immediate phase connect to late phase of asthma?

A

chemotaxis, chemokines propogate late phase

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3
Q

key players of cAMP cascade

what breaks down cAMP?

A

adenylate cyclase - increases cAMP - activates PKA - phospholipase C - decrease intracellular Ca2+ - bronchodilation

PDE

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4
Q

which therapy for as needed basis?

which for adjunctive therapy with asthma inadequately controlled by glucocorticoids?

A

short acting b2

long acting b2

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5
Q

theophlline/aminophylline MOA

A

inhibits PDE = prevent cAMP breakdown

competitive antagonist of adenosine receptor

metabolized by CYP450

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6
Q

how to reverse these effects:

bronchoconstriction
hyperresponsive airways
mucosal edema, hypersecretion

may reduce acute rxns in aspirin sensitive pts

A

antagonize CysLT1 receptors by montelukast/zafirlukast

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7
Q

glucocortiocids AE for asthma (3 for inhaled, 3 for oral)

A

inhaled:
oropharyngeal candidasis
dysphonia
adrenal suppression (children), beclomethasone, budesonide

oral
infection
hyperglycemia (gluconeogenesis)
osteoporosis (inhibit bone formation)

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8
Q

what is used for severe allergic asthma?

A

omalizumab

anaphylaxis, subq

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9
Q

inhaled anticholinergics AE

A

local dry mouth, nasal irritation, nose bleeds

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10
Q

long-acting inhibitor for PDE4

name?
treats what?
AE

A

roflumilast
COPD - adjunct for bronchodilators
GI symtpoms (diarrhea, nausea, ab pain), weight loss

ORALLY

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11
Q

what are the receptors on parietal cell?

ECL cell?

A

H2R
M3R
SST2R

SST2R
CCK2R
EP(2/3)R

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12
Q

what agents are antisecretory?

what agents are buffers?

cytoprotectants?

A

H2RAs
PPIs
Misoprostol

Antacids

Misoprostol
Bismuth Chelate
Sucralfate

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13
Q

PPIs should be avoided in which people

A

liver disease

pregnant/breastfeeding women

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14
Q

simeticone use?

A

anti-foaming agent relieves bloating with antacids

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15
Q

what is a u antagonist that is pegylated?

A

naloxegol for constipation (opioid related)

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16
Q

what does racecadotril inhibit?

A

inhibits enkephalinase (degrade enkephalins)
- leads to high enkephalins which are agonists of d receptors and inhibits intestinal secretion
- used with rehydration therapy
(treat diarrhea)

17
Q

IBS diarrhea

A

eluxadoline (u and k agonist, d antagonist)

18
Q

IBS constipation

A

linaclotide (agonist of guanylate cyclase C receptor, increases cGMP, increase Cl-, bicarb secreiton

19
Q

IBS/IBD anti-inflamm (2)

A

methotrexate

sulfasalazine (olsalazine, mesalazine)

20
Q

methotrexate MOA?

A

folic acid ant - cytotoxic and immunosuppressant

inhibit competitively DHFR - inhibit purine synth

21
Q

IBS/IBD immunosuppressants

A

ciclosporin - AE?

azathioprine - AE, MOA?

22
Q

name biologics and mode of action

A

inflix/adal/golim - SQ every 2 wks
vedo - a4b7 integrin on Th lymphocytes, prevent interaction with mucosal cell adhesion mol-1
uste - target p40 protein subunit, IL-12, IL-23

23
Q

vitamin a deficiency leads to

A

night blindness

24
Q

imiquimod AE

A

local skin rxns (burning, itching, swelling)
long-term skin rxn (pigmentation)
systemic (fatigue, diarrhea, flu like, headache)

25
Q

ciclosporin cascade

A

binds to cyclophilin, inhibits calcineurin decreasing IL-2 synth

normally, high intra Ca2+ activates calcineurin which dephosphorylates NFAT. NFAT binds to response elements and turn on transc of IL-2, activating T cells

26
Q

which cytokines are inflammatory and promoted by TNFa?

A

1/6/8

27
Q

lorcaserin receptor?

A

5-HT2C receptor agonist increase POMC expression induces satiety
10mg twice daily or 20 mg extended release

28
Q

bupropion/naltrexone AE

contraindicated?

A
  • mood, increase suicide risk
  • GI upset
  • headache
  • dry mouth
  • increased heart rate and bp

contraindicated

  • history of seizures
  • eating disorders
  • other opioid meds
  • pregnancy
  • withdrawal from barb, benzo, antiepileptics

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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