Misc

Question 1

Core ethical principles

Answer 1

Autonomy

Beneficence (fiduciary responsibility to act in pt’s best interest)

Nonmaleficence (do no harm)

Justice

Question 2

4 steps of informed consent

Answer 2

Disclosure of info

Understanding (ability)

Capacity (ability to reason and make decisions) - distinct from legally defined competence

Voluntariness (no coercion or manip)

Question 3

4 parts of medicare

Answer 3

Part A = hospital insurance
B = basic medical bills
C = A+B from private companies
D = Rx

Question 4

Apgar score

Answer 4

assessment of newborn vital signs at 1 and 5 min (>=7 is normal)

each = rated from 0-2

appearance (body and extrem pink; body pink, extrem blue, both blue)
pulse (>100,

Question 5

Low birth weight

Answer 5

2500 g

Question 6

Early dev milestones - 0-12mo

Answer 6

Parents Start Observing
P = motor; S = social; O = verbal/cog

Motor: primitive reflexes (moro, rooting, palmar, babinski) disappear; posture (lift head –> roll and sit [6mo], crawl [8mo], stand [10mo], walk [12-18mo]); pincer grasp and pass toys [6-10mo]; point to objects (12mo)

Social: social smile (2mo), stranger anxiety (6mo), separation anxiety (9mo)

Verbal/cog: orient (voice [4mo], then name and gestures [9mo]), object permanence (9mo), “mama” and “dada” (10mo)

Question 7

Toddler dev milestones (12-36mo)

Answer 7

motor: first steps (12mo), climb stairs (18mo), stack cubes, feed self with fork (20mo), kick ball (24mo)
social: parallel play (24-36mo), rapprochement (move away from and return to mom - 24mo), realization of core gender identity (36mo)

verbal/cog: 200 words by age 2, forming 2-word sentences

Question 8

Preschool (3-5yr) milestones

Answer 8

motor: tricycle (3yo), drawing, dexterity (can hop on one foot by 4yr, use buttons and zippers and groom self by 5yr)
social: freedom (spend time away from mom by 3yr), friends (cooperative play by 4yo)

verbal/cog: 1000 words by 3yo; complete sentences and can tell detailed stories by 4yo