Misc Flashcards
Backlog
Remaining fee yet to be billed
Addenda
Change order in bidding phase
Change order
Changes that effect the contract
Construction change directive
Change order but without established agreement, can result in arbitration later
Used when people can’t agree but project needs to keep going
AIA G701
Standard change order form
If a design change is requested onsite, how should it be handled?
The gc should submit the request through an addenda, rfi or bulletin
Percent complete
Subject evaluation of how much of the total work is completed
Work in place
Billable time and expenses that have been completed but not yet invoiced
Who pulls a C of O
Owner
Who certifies substantial completion?
Architect
Most frequently cited cause of communication claims by an owner
Lack of procedures to identify conflicts, errors and omissions
Float time
the time between when payment is authorized and received
Things affected by construction type (II-A vs V-A)
Structural spans, max floor area, allowable building height
A101
Owner/contractor
- means and methods
- schedule
- controls safety on job site
B101
Owner/Architect
- design intent
- decision making
- code compliance
A201
General conditions
- sets the context
- defines terminology
Right to stop work
Can leave at a safe and reasonable place (likely due to nonpayment)
Owners can do for any reasons
Right to carry out work
Gives contractors first chance to finish out work before being replaced on work
The work
What the architect produces; design intent
The project
All of the building; furniture, landscape, etc
Instruments of service
Drawings, notes, research
Copy right
Default to architect, owner can obtain if agreed to. Likely in franchise, governments, laboratory
Indemnification
One party is paying damages for another (insurance is an example)
Administrator of the contract
Between the owner and contractor is assumed to be the architect
Right to test the work
Arch right to ask for something to be tested on behalf of the owner
Essence of contract
Scope, schedule, budget
Application for payment
Contractor applies for the architect to review. Lists trades and percent done
Pencil draw
Amount that contractors think they should be paid based on percent complete
Retainage
Special escrow account for subcontractors so that there is leverage if they need to come back and do finishing touches
Certificate of payment
Approved draw for a percent of work
Can material that is bought but not installed be put on a draw for payment
Yes if stored properly
Substantial completion
A level of completion that is safely occupiable
Architect decides when this is reached
When do warranties start
At substantial completion
Contractor liability insurance
Covers means and methods but no code compluandrt
Owners liability insurance (builders risk insurance)
Covers things during construction immediately while final liability is being determined
Performance bond
Insurance for the owner that the contractor will be able to preform their job
Subrogation
right held by most insurance carriers to legally pursue a third party that caused an insurance loss to the insured
Termination for cause
Any party can use
Termination for convenience
Usually reserved for owner
SD Budget Techniques
comps, per SF numbers
DD Budget Techniques
LF or SF of assemblies (cladding, structure, insulation, etc), easy to make decisions off of and swap things out
per unit (hotels)
FF&E
Fixtures, Furnishings and Equipment: separate budget item because they can be separated from the building
Unit Prices
separated out units in a bid for potential changes
Schedule of Values can also be known as
Estimate, sworn statement
When reviewing submittals, the architect is responsible for:
- finishes
- VOC content
- Materials
Administrative adjustment
Small nonconformity to building/zoning code that reviewers can approve
Variance
An approval for a bigger nonconformity, may require formal review
Amendment
Change to zoning code
By right
The rights given by the zoning code. No non conforming aspects
When does an egress path end
When you are 30’ clear from the building, all the way out
Keyless in the direction of egress
Construction responsibilities outline in the project manual specifications
Standard of workmanship
Submittal procedures
Quality of materials and products
What does an architect need to review during the submittal process for toilet accessories?
Finish
Steps needed during an architects project close out
Store project related documents
Internally share project information
Maintain project contact file
Project delivery method for risk management and high quality
Design build
(CMa also but has more contracts)
Code things that affect max allowable area and height
Occupancy class
Fire protection
Construction type
If a material is changed drastically during construction but agreed upon by contractor and owner, what should the architect do?
Issue add services to document the change
A project has an 18mo delay, first thing arch should do upon restarting…
Preform a code review
Body that provides guidance to conflict with AHJs
ICC
Most common procurement method for design-build
Best value
Performance standard
Describes the ways that materials or assemblies can be tested to determine a relative level of performance. ASTM and UL are performance standards
Slump test
Used to measure the consistency of concrete before it sets. Checks the workability and determines if it’s a properly mixed batch
Benefit of asking for bid alternates with a contractor
Give contractors some wiggle room if the design or other changes should arise during construction
What does the architects review of shop drawings check for?
Conformity to design intent
What assembly group is a daycare within a place of worship?
A-3 because it falls under the worship category
Group E otherwise
What is a good first step in the programming process for a renovation of an existing laboratory?
Benchmarking tours
Contractor responsibilities to review at a pre construction conference
Schedule of values
Construction schedule
Insurance bonds and permits
ADA counter height max for bathroom
34”
Good cost estimating technique for design development
Assemblies technique
(Calculating sf of assemblies and multiplying by assembly cost)
Order of magnitude cost estimating
Unit price cost estimating
determining a cost per unit, like cost per hospital bed or apt unit (can be done based on comps or historical data)
Criteria design phase
Period where performance/sustainability goals are outlined for the project, pre DD
Architects must assist the owner in negations with prospective contractors T/F
True
Good project delivery method for an owner interested in minimizing their involvement
Design Build
Good project delivery method for complex and tight schedule project
Construction Manager
Tool to motivate a contractor to meet a strict deadline
Liquidated damages provision - a predetermined amount of money to be paid as damages for failure to perform under contract
Good schedule type for short duration projects with few tasks
Milestone chart
Good for fees under $35,000
Which governing body handles ADA violations?
department of justice
Architect’s Responsibilities prior to project completion
review contractors final change order
review contractor’s final application for payment
final inspection
How is the critical path determined in a critical path schedule
the route through that is longest
In a standard agreement, how long does a contractor have to notify an architect of schedule affecting on site discoveries
14 days
Construction Manager as Constructor (CMc)
A CMc advises on constructability and cost estimates during the design of a project, and then shifts to the responsibilities of building according to the contract.
Construction Manager as Advisor (CM-Advisor)
A CM-Advisor provides advice on constructability and cost estimation but does not construct buildings.
Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR)
CMAR is a delivery method where the construction manager (CM) commits to complete the project within a guaranteed maximum price (GMP), which is based on the construction documents and specifications.
Construction Manager as Agent (CMa)
A CMa is brought on board early during a project to advise the owner on constructability aspects, and can stay further into the project to coordinate construction for a fixed price.
What is a good project delivery method for an architect to act as a constructability reviewer?
CMc
Project phases that lend themselves to hourly billing
SD and CA
Project phases that lend themselves to fixed fee billing
DD and CD
What does contractor contingency cover
Errors in contractor pricing
Costs related to dispute resolution
Contractor errors during construction
When to use a narrative meeting report?
SD, DD, and CD
When to use an action item report
CA
What do specifications do?
communicate the type and quality of building components and systems.
Information that should always be included in a change order
net change cost to date
the amount the specified change increases/decreases the project sum
new date of substantial completion
contract sum prior to change order
A typical project manual consists of
Bidding requirements
Contract forms
Contract conditions
Specifications
A201
general conditions of the contract
A133
agreement between owner and construction manager
Who is responsible for the cost of the revisions that do not match the architect’s final design?
The contractor
What type of meeting is best held face to face
project kick off
who pays sales tax during construction
the contractor
who pays for utilities during construction?
the contractor
who pays for the building permit
the contractor
who renders judgement on variances, exceptions and zoning ordinances
Zoning board of appeals
how to list a budget item that hasn’t been decided upon yet
Allowance
what constitutes that start of construction?
when the owner issues a notice to proceed
In design-bid-build, who legally issues to CDs for bidding?
the owner
Initial rate of return =
= annual savings / investment
what are some responsibilities of HR
legal compliance
training and prof dev
retention programs
onboarding
Stipulated sum contract
the bid number doesn’t change, profit/loss is taken on by the contractor
best way for contractors to reduce risk when committing to a GMP
include the highest possible contingency
Percent used to determine contingency period based off design time
10% of design time
things that need to take place before final payment is made to the contractor
Architect final inspection
Final change order review
Contractor submission of required affidavits
items to be attached to a certificate of substantial completion
Punch LIst
Date of Substantial completion
Owner/contractor responsibilities for insurance
Completion date for punch list items
Ways to make a change to a project after CDs
A written amendment to the contract signed by both parties
A change order
A construction change directive
A written order for a minor change in the work issued by the architect
What body determines accessibility requirements for multifamily housing
Fair Housing Act
Bid Bond
a bond to guarantee a contractor will enter into the contract with the owner if they are the winning bidder
Surety
money given to support an undertaking that someone will perform a duty
Bond that a contractor will construct the project
Who is responsible for recording field changes
the contractor
Contractors must hire engineers to do what
shoring and bracing
