Misc Flashcards
Vessels that can be permanently ligated
- Both common carotid arteries (dogs)
- Both jugular veins (dogs)
- L renal vein (dogs)
- Brachiocephalic veins
- Brachial arteries
- Hepatic vein
- Femoral arteries
- Both external iliac arteries
- Both common iliac veins
- Both femoral veins
- Abdominal vena cava cd to liver
Temporary ligation times
- Descending thoracic aorta = 5-10min
- Portal triad = 10-15min
- Hepatic artery = 30min
- Splenic artery & vein = 15-20min
- Renal artery & vein = 30min
- Abdominal aorta = 30min
Nuclear scintigraphy used for OSA, GFR, pancreas
- OSA: technetium-99m, hydromethylene diphosphate
- GFR: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)
- Pancreas: Indium-III pentetreotide
Risk factors for SSI
- Duration of sx/anesthesia (2x increase/30% for every hour)
- Method of prep
- Staples
- Abx prophy
- Endocrinopathy
- Obesity
- Immunosuppression
- Propofol
- Bulldog
- MRSP
- Intact male
- Higher ASA
- Level of wound contamination
- # people (30% increase per person)
- Recovery in ICU
- Drain
Grenade bulb pressure
- Rolled = 170 mmHg
- 1 hand = 84 mmHg
- 2 hands = 110 mmHg
Components of Plasma-Lyte 148 & Normosol R
- 295 mOsm/L
- 140 Na+
- 5 K+
- 98 Cl-
- 3 Mg 2+
- 27 acetate
- 23 gluconate
Components of 7.5% NaCl
- 2400 mOsm/L
- 1200 Na+
- 1200 Cl-
Components of LRS
- 273 mOsm/L
- 130 Na+
- 4 K+
- 109 Cl-
- 3 Ca 2+
- 28 lactate
Components of 23.4% NaCl
- 8,000 mOsm/L
- 4,000 Na+
- 4,000 Cl-
mOsm/L 25% mannitol
1,250 mOsm/L
Components of 0.9% NaCl
- 308 mOsm/L
- 154 Na+
- 154 Cl-
Components of Normosol-M with 5% dextrose
- 363 mOsm/L
- 40 Na+
- 13 K+
- 40 Cl-
- 3 Mg 2+
Components of Plasma-Lyte M with 5% dextrose
- 377 mOsm/L
- 40 Na+
- 16 K+
- 40 Cl-
- 3 Mg 2+
- 5 Ca 2+
- 12 lactate
- 12 acetate
Components of plasma-lyte 56
- 110 mOsm/L
- 40 Na+
- 13 K+
- 40 Cl-
- 3 Mg+
- 16 acetate
Components of 0.45% NaCl
- 154 mOsm/L
- 77 Na+
- 77 Cl-
Steam sterilization expiration times
- Single musslin = 1 week closed, 2d open
- Double musslin = 7 weeks closed, 3 weeks open
- Paper/M = 8 weeks open
- Crepe/M = 10 weeks open
- Plastic/M = >9 months open
- Heat sealed = 1 year open
96 weeks?
Local anesthetic & central effects
- Inhibit K+ and Ca2+ at dorsal horn
- Inhibit substance P
- Inhibit glutamatergic transmission
- Prox-distal (large nerves)
Segments for epidural
- Pelvic limb: L3-S1 (0.2 mL/kg)
- Abdominal wall: T11-L3 (0.36 mL/kg)
- Thorax: T2-T13 (0.4 mL/kg)
Most modern vaporizers
- Agent specific
- Concentration-calibrated
- Variable bypass
- Flow over
- Out of circle
- High resistance
- Compensated (temp, flow, back-pressure)
Ventilator bellows
- Standing = ascending
- Hanging = descending
4 stages of anesthesia
- Lasts until loss of consciousness
- Lasts until onset of regular breathing
- Surgical anesthesia, progressive loss of reflexes
- 3 light: until eyeball movement ceases
- 3 medium: progressive intercostal paralysis
- 3 deep: decreased intercostal muscle/TV, weak corneal, central pupils - Extreme CNS depression
Non-neuromuscular effects of neuromuscular blockade
Antimuscarinic
- Histamine release
- minimal placental transfer
- protein-bound
Succinylcholine
- hyperK+
- increased IOP
- increased intragastric pressure
- increased ICP
Pattern of stimulation NMB
- Single: 1 twitch every 7-10 seconds
- Train of four: 4 twitches every 2 seconds (4th, 3rd, 2nd, 1st, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th)
- Tetanic: sustained 5 seconds
- Post-tetanic: stimulus shortly after (indicator of recovery)
- Double-burst: two to four 750ms apart
Barbiturates
- cerebroprotective (decreased CmO2, CBF, ICP)
- mild decreased BP, compensatory tachycardia
- crosses placenta
Contraindications: sighthounds, severe cardiopulmonary disease, neonates, liver disease, underweight
