Misc Flashcards
Concentric Zone Theory
Concentric Circle theory, developed by Earnest Burgess in 1925, finds that growth happens by land uses expanding outward from one area to another. For example, downtown office towers expanding into a warehouse district.
The correct answer is: The use of “invasion-succession” in describing dynamics
Effluent
Effluent is the discharge of pollutants into the environment in an untreated, partially treated, or completely treated state.
enterprise fund
An enterprise fund is an account that manages the revenues and expenditures of a self-sufficient activity such as a minor league baseball park, parking garage, or zoo.
Fixing America’s Surface Transportation
The Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act has seven goals including safety, infrastructure condition, congestion reduction, system reliability, freight movement & economic vitality, environmental sustainability and reduced project delivery delays.
Hippodamus of Miletus
Hippodamus of Miletus was an ancient Greek urban planner who created grid plans for cities during the 5th century BC. His plans focused on creating order that both physically and socially ordered the city.
According to Aristotle, He is considered the pioneer of urban planning because of his plan for a city of 50,000 that addressed administrative structure, social structure, and land subdivision.
strategic plan
A strategic plan sets priorities to strengthen the operations of an organization and would be most appropriate in guiding a reorganization of functions. A performance management plan would guide the performance of individual staff members. A capital plan guides infrastructure investment, and visioning sets the broader vision for the community.
Zero-Based Budgeting.
Zero-Based Budgeting uses decision packages that can be independently decided upon for funding purposes. Start from scratch
location quotient
The location quotient compares the share of employment of an industry in a region to the national share. If the share in the region is larger than the national share, the location quotient will be larger than 1, which suggests that the industry exports out of the region. The rationale is that the national share corresponds to self-sufficiency, so if the share is larger than the national share, there is more produced than needed for self-sufficiency, so the excess is exported.
Logan and Molotch
Associated with the city as a growth machine theory
Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC)
The federal government’s Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program encourages the investment of private equity for developing affordable rental housing for low-income and very low-income households. It does this by awarding tax credits to taxpayers who invest in multifamily rental housing that serves these low-income households.
Mariemont, Ohio
Mariemont, Ohio is a planned community in Hamilton County, Ohio, founded in the 1920s by Mary Emery.
planned community built in 1923 foreshadowed the New Urbanism movement
The National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA)
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is America’s national charter for protection of the environment. It establishes policy, sets goals (section 101), and provides means (section 102) for carrying out policy pertaining to federal actions, funding, and permitting. It was signed into law on January 1, 1970. The EPA is an independent agency of the federal government that has the responsibility of maintaining and enforcing national standards under a variety of environmental laws, but overseeing subdivisions is not in their domain.
The correct answer is: NEPA requires the public and private sectors to conform to certain environmental standards but only if it involves federal funding, work performed by the federal government, or permits issued by a federal agency
Net Operating Income
Net Operating Income = Gross Operating Income X (1 – the vacancy rate) – operating expenses.
Peter Calthorpe
Transit oriented development is planned and designed to locate high-demand land uses at or near the most efficient modes of transportation, like light rail lines, subway lines, and frequent, high-capacity bus routes. The concept of transit oriented development was pioneered by Peter Calthorpe who is an urban planner and founding member of the Congress for new Urbanism.
margin of error
The margin of error is a statistic about the amount of random sampling error in a survey. The larger the margin of error, the less confident one can be that the poll reported results are close to the truth for the whole population. The margin of error is reported as a confidence interval radius and this is converted to percentage points, in this case 4%.
A 95% confidence interval is a standard statistical rule-of-thumb that comes from the assumption of a normal distribution. For a normal distribution, 95% of the values are around the true mean +/- 2 standard deviations.
For the survey, the result of 52% is seen as an estimate of the true mean. But using the concept of a “confidence interval” we can give a value to how likely it is that the true mean is within +/- 2 standard deviations from the estimated mean. The margin of error of 0.04 corresponds to two standard deviations (not specified in the test question, but typically assumed). So, the answer is, we can be 95% confident that the true percentage is between 48% and 56%, i.e., within 4% from the estimate.
The 96% (as 100-4) is actually irrelevant in this context (there to throw you off), since there is no relation between 96% and the standard deviations.
The correct answer is: With 95% confidence, the estimated percentage of 52% is within 4% of the true percentage favoring the mayor’s run for a second term.
rule of 70
There is also a so-called rule of 70 (an approximation), which gives the doubling time as the ratio of 70 and the percentage growth rate (as a percentage, not a fraction): rule of 70: divide 70 by the percentage growth rate 70/12 = 5.8 ~ 6
Procedural due process
Procedural due process. Procedural due process is covered under the 14tg Amendment and provides protection against unfair process where an individual’s life, liberty, or property is concerned. States require open meetings to provide the opportunity for the public to be informed.
push analysis
determines sales capacity of a market area. A push analysis determines if the introduction of a new business will generate additional customers.
Real property
Real property consists of all land, structures, attached equipment, such as street lights, anything growing on the land, and all “interests” in the property, which ca include the right to future ownership, right to occupy for a period of time, the right to drill for oil, the right to get the property back if it is no longer used for its current purpose, use of airspace, or an easement across another’s property.
Regional input-output modeling
The Regional input-output modeling system provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis provides employment multipliers based on the North American Industrial Classification System which can be used to calculate a location quotient. A shift share analysis provides information on the region’s share of employment in an industry compared to the national share, which is not what the Mayor is looking for. mayor was concerned because plant layed off 600 ppl
Right to Farm law
All 50 states have some form of Right to Farm law, which attempts to preserve agricultural practices and make farming more viable. Right to Farm laws deny nuisance lawsuits against farmers, even if their agricultural practices harm or bother adjacent property owners. Such nuisances may include noise, odors, and visual clutter. The laws aim to minimize the threat to normal farming practices, in contrast to typical farmland preservation policies, which aim to preserve farmland itself.
Samoan Circle
A Samoan Circle is designed to permit interaction that occurs in small groups, but can be witnessed by a larger group. The meeting is set up with an inner circle of five to six chairs. The rest of the chairs are setup in concentric outer circles. Initially everyone is seated in the outer circles. People who wish to speak move to the inner circle. Once they speak they return to their original seat. The discussion continues as long as there are participants who wish to speak.
SARAR
SARAR stands for Self-esteem, Associative strength, Resourcefulness, Action planning, and Responsibility. This is a series of techniques designed to be highly visual and accessible to those who cannot read or write. Examples, include pocket charts, three pile sorting, and picture stories with gaps.
State Preemption
Preemption is when the law of a higher level of government limits the power of a lower level to regulate a particular issue. “YIMPBY” stands for “yes in my backyard” and is loosely organized as a pro-development group.
