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Pre Reg > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

1
Q

When can activated charcoal be used in repeated doses?

A

Poisoning from: Carbamazepine Dapsone Phenobarbitol Quinine Theophylline

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2
Q

How to treat aspirin poisoning?

A

Activated charcoal

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3
Q

What is used to treat opioid poisoning?

A

Naloxone. It has a shorter half life that many opioids so may need monitoring and repeated doses. Not as effective on buprenorphine poisoning

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4
Q

What is used to treat paracetamol poisoning?

A

Acetylcysteiene

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5
Q

What is used for SSRI poisoning?

A

Activated charcoal Supportive measures Benzos for seizures

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6
Q

Benzodiazepine overdose treatment

A

Activated charcoal Flumazenil

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7
Q

What electrolyte imbalance can LABA and SABA cause?

A

hypokalaemia

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8
Q

what asthma treatments can cause glaucoma?

A

tiotropium and ipratropium

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9
Q

what type of ‘aba’ is vilanterol?

A

ultra long acting beta agonist

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10
Q

what plasma conc of theophylline is needed for satisfactory bronchodilation?

A

10-20mg/L

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11
Q

when should theophylline levels be measured?

A

at least 5 days after initiating treatment, and 3 days after any dose adjustment

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12
Q

what happens if baclofen is adruptly withdrawn? how long should withdrawal take?

A

Should be done over 1-2 weeks.

Risks of abrupt withdrawal include: hyperactive state, spasticity, hyperthermia, psychiatric reactions, convulsions.

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13
Q

how long should rivaroxaban be taken for VTE prophylaxis after hip surgery?

A

35 days

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14
Q

what beta blockers are cardioselective?

A

Bisoprolol

Acebutolol

Metoprolol

Atenolol

Nebivolol

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15
Q

what beta blockers are water soluble?

A

Celiprolol

Atenolol

Nadolol

Sotalol

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16
Q

What should INR be to switch from DOAC to warfarin?

A

Under 2

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17
Q

What anticoags have risk of epidural haematoma?

A

NOACS

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18
Q

what is INR target for MI?

A

2.5

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19
Q

Can warfarin be taken in pregnancy?

A

NOT in first trimester, but fine in 2nd or 3rd

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20
Q

what are the colours of warfarin tablets?

A

0.5mg (White), 1mg (Brown), 3mg (Blue), 5mg (Pink)

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21
Q

what is BP target for a diabetic with kidney complications?

A

<130/80

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22
Q

what is BP target for a type 1 diabetic with no complications?

A

<135/85

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23
Q

what is warfarin duration for:

  1. isolated calf DVT
  2. provoked VTE
  3. Unprovoked DVT/PE
  4. AF/prosthetic valve
A
  1. isolated calf DVT 6 WEEKS
  2. provoked VTE 3 MONTHS
  3. Unprovoked DVT/PE
  4. AF/prosthetic valve LIFELONG
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24
Q

What statin is given for primary CVD prevention for QRISK over 10%?

A

Atorvastatin 20mg

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25
Q

What statin is given for secondary CVD prevetion?

A

Atorvastatin 80mg

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26
Q

after when should dypridamole tablets be discarded?

A

6 weeks

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27
Q

how long should be left to determine a response to ramipril?

A

at least 4 weeks

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28
Q

Do LMWH or UH have longer duration of action?

A

LMWH

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29
Q

What should be done if amiodarone and digoxin need to be given together?

A

half the dose of digoxin

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30
Q

how long should a patient be on an antipsychotic before being seemed ineffective?

A

4-6 weeks

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31
Q

what monitoring needs to occur with clozapine?

A

weekly WBC monitoring for 18 weeks, then fortnightly for up to a year. Then monthly.

Blood lipids and wieght at baseline, at 3 motnhs and yearly

Fasting BGC at baseline, at 4-6 months, yearly

Prolactin conc at baseline, at 6 months, yearly

32
Q

with which antipsychotics is hyperprolactinemia least likely?

A

aripiprazole

clozapine

quetiapine

33
Q

Which gen of antipsychotics have highest and lowest risk of sexual dysfunction?

A

Highest: - risperidone, haloperidol, olanzapine

Lowest: aripiprazole, quetiapine

34
Q

Which gen of antipsychotic has highest risk of CVD?

A

Both generations carry equal risk.

IV admin most high risk.

Highest risk drug is pimozide.

35
Q

What gen of antipsychotics carry highest risk of hypotension?

A

2nd gen highest risk (especially clozapine and quetiapine)

36
Q

what gen of antipsychotic has lowest risk of hyperglycemia/diabetes

A

LOWEST TOTAL RISK: haloperidol

(2nd gen is higher risk EXCEPT for amisulpride and aripiprazole)

37
Q

what antipsychotics have the highest incidence of weight gain?

A

clozapine and olanzapine

38
Q

which CD drug has both opioid agonist and antagonist properties?

A

buprenorphine

39
Q

what SSRI has longest half life?

A

Fluoxetine

40
Q

what side effects does domperidone have if used for longer than 7 days?

A

Arrhythmias

41
Q

what side effects does metoclopramide have if used for longer than 5 days?

A

Neurological adverse effects (parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, dystonia)

42
Q

what should be used to treat nausea in parkinsons?

A

Cyclizine

Domperidone

Ondansetron

43
Q

what monitoring is requring in sodium valproate (besides PPP)?

A

Liver function before therapy and every 6 months.

44
Q

being high risk of developing type 2 diabetes is defined as a hba1c of?

A

42-47mmol

45
Q

how often should a type 2 diabetic stabilised on medication have thier hba1c checked?

A

every 6 months

46
Q

what is the optimal self monitoring blood glucose conc for driving?

A

at least 5mmol

47
Q

how often should you monitor TSH when somes thyroid level is stabilisded?

A

Yearly

48
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

49
Q

What are the common enzyme inhibitors?

(causes INCREASED plasma concentrations)

A

Sodium valproate

Isoniazid

Cimetidine

Ketoconazole

Fluconazole

Alcohol (binging)

Chloramphenicol

Erythromycin

Sulphonamide

Ciprofloxacin

Omeprazole

Metronidazole

50
Q

What are the common enzyme inducers?

(causes DECREASED plasma concentrations)

A

Barbituates

St johns wort

Carbamazepine

Rifampicin

Alcohol (chronic)

Phenytoin

Griseofulvin

Phenobarbitol

Sulfonylureas

51
Q

What drugs does grapefruit juice interact with to cause an increased plasma concentration?

A

CVS: Amiodarone, Statins, CCBs

CNS: sertraline, quetiapine

Also: tacrolimus, ciclosporin, sildenafil, colchicine

52
Q

What drugs should be temporarily witheld in AKI?

A

Diuretics

ACEI/ARB

Metformin

NSAIDs

53
Q

what can colour urine blue?

A

triamterene

54
Q

what can colour urine pink/orange?

A

phenindione

55
Q

what colours urine/body secretions:

  1. red/orange
  2. orange
  3. yellow/brown
A
  1. red/orange: RIFAMPICIN
  2. orange: SULFASALAZINE
  3. yellow/brown: NITROFURANTOIN, SENNA
56
Q

what anti-epileptic can cause vit D deficiency?

A

phenytoin

57
Q

how does smoking and alcohol affect theophylline?

A

The plasma-theophylline concentration is decreased in smokers, and by alcohol consumption.

58
Q

what electrolyte imbalance can be caused by theophylline?

A

hypokalemia

59
Q

what are signs of theophylline toxicity?

A

tachycardia, dilated pupils, hyperglycemia, convulsions, arrhythmias

60
Q

what IV anasthetic can be given to children to provide quick recovery and minimal hangover?

A

propofol

61
Q

what inhaled anasthetic has obstetric use?

A

isoflurane most commonly used, causes muscle relaxation.

nitrous oxide is also used, has analgesic properties too, self administration.

62
Q

what is the washout period for sertraline?

A

2 weeks

63
Q

what is the washout period for fluoxetine?

A

5 weeks

64
Q

how long after stopping an MAOI can a patient drink alcohol?

A

2 weeks after stopping

65
Q

What monitoring needs to occur with lithium?

A

renal, cardiac, thyroid function, BMI, serum electrolytes, and a full blood count before treatment initiation.

BMI, serum electrolytes, eGFR, and thyroid function every 6 months

66
Q

what are signs of litihum toxicity?

A

hypernatremia

coarse tremor

visual disturbance

muscle weakness

67
Q

what anti-parkinsons drug group is most likely to cause reckless behaviour?

A

Most likely with dopamine agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine)(DA’s also increase risk of serotonin syndrome with SSRI’s)

Can also happen with levodopa

68
Q

what are the MOBI’s that are used in parkinsons?

A

rasigiline

selegiline (caution in tyramine rich foods, also may increase conc of levodopa)

69
Q

What would TSH and T4 be in hypothyroidism?

A

High TSH

Low T4

70
Q

What would TSH, T4 and T3 show in hyperthyroidism?

A

Low TSH

High T4 and T3

71
Q

How long after taking EHC should a woman continue breastfeeding?

A

ulipristal: 1 weeks
levon: does not matter

72
Q

what is:

  • herpes simplex
  • herpes zoster
  • varicella zoster
A
  • herpes simplex (oral/genital herpes)
  • herpes zoster (shingles)
  • varicella zoster (chickenpox)

DONT USE NSAIDS

73
Q

what is max dose of colchicine per day and per course? when can course be repeated?

A

500mcg 2-4 times daily

max dose per course is three days

repeat after 3 days

74
Q

when to stop warfarin before elective surgery?

A

5 days

75
Q

what pathogen is responsible for the majority of viral conjunctivitis cases?

A

adenovirus

76
Q
A

Pre Reg (1 decks)

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