Misc

Question 1

When can activated charcoal be used in repeated doses?

Answer 1

Poisoning from: Carbamazepine Dapsone Phenobarbitol Quinine Theophylline

Question 2

How to treat aspirin poisoning?

Answer 2

Activated charcoal

Question 3

What is used to treat opioid poisoning?

Answer 3

Naloxone. It has a shorter half life that many opioids so may need monitoring and repeated doses. Not as effective on buprenorphine poisoning

Question 4

What is used to treat paracetamol poisoning?

Answer 4

Acetylcysteiene

Question 5

What is used for SSRI poisoning?

Answer 5

Activated charcoal Supportive measures Benzos for seizures

Question 6

Benzodiazepine overdose treatment

Answer 6

Activated charcoal Flumazenil

Question 7

What electrolyte imbalance can LABA and SABA cause?

Answer 7

hypokalaemia

Question 8

what asthma treatments can cause glaucoma?

Answer 8

tiotropium and ipratropium

Question 9

what type of ‘aba’ is vilanterol?

Answer 9

ultra long acting beta agonist

Question 10

what plasma conc of theophylline is needed for satisfactory bronchodilation?

Answer 10

10-20mg/L

Question 11

when should theophylline levels be measured?

Answer 11

at least 5 days after initiating treatment, and 3 days after any dose adjustment

Question 12

what happens if baclofen is adruptly withdrawn? how long should withdrawal take?

Answer 12

Should be done over 1-2 weeks.

Risks of abrupt withdrawal include: hyperactive state, spasticity, hyperthermia, psychiatric reactions, convulsions.

Question 13

how long should rivaroxaban be taken for VTE prophylaxis after hip surgery?

Answer 13

35 days

Question 14

what beta blockers are cardioselective?

Answer 14

Bisoprolol

Acebutolol

Metoprolol

Atenolol

Nebivolol

Question 15

what beta blockers are water soluble?

Answer 15

Celiprolol

Atenolol

Nadolol

Sotalol

Question 16

What should INR be to switch from DOAC to warfarin?

Answer 16

Under 2

Question 17

What anticoags have risk of epidural haematoma?

Answer 17

NOACS

Question 18

what is INR target for MI?

Answer 18

2.5

Question 19

Can warfarin be taken in pregnancy?

Answer 19

NOT in first trimester, but fine in 2nd or 3rd

Question 20

what are the colours of warfarin tablets?

Answer 20

0.5mg (White), 1mg (Brown), 3mg (Blue), 5mg (Pink)

Question 21

what is BP target for a diabetic with kidney complications?

Answer 21

<130/80

Question 22

what is BP target for a type 1 diabetic with no complications?

Answer 22

<135/85

Question 23

what is warfarin duration for:

1. isolated calf DVT
2. provoked VTE
3. Unprovoked DVT/PE
4. AF/prosthetic valve

Answer 23

1. isolated calf DVT 6 WEEKS
2. provoked VTE 3 MONTHS
3. Unprovoked DVT/PE
4. AF/prosthetic valve LIFELONG

Question 24

What statin is given for primary CVD prevention for QRISK over 10%?

Answer 24

Atorvastatin 20mg

Question 25

What statin is given for secondary CVD prevetion?

Answer 25

Atorvastatin 80mg

Question 26

after when should dypridamole tablets be discarded?

Answer 26

6 weeks

Question 27

how long should be left to determine a response to ramipril?

Answer 27

at least 4 weeks

Question 28

Do LMWH or UH have longer duration of action?

Answer 28

LMWH

Question 29

What should be done if amiodarone and digoxin need to be given together?

Answer 29

half the dose of digoxin

Question 30

how long should a patient be on an antipsychotic before being seemed ineffective?

Answer 30

4-6 weeks

Question 31

what monitoring needs to occur with clozapine?

Answer 31

weekly WBC monitoring for 18 weeks, then fortnightly for up to a year. Then monthly. Blood lipids and wieght at baseline, at 3 motnhs and yearly Fasting BGC at baseline, at 4-6 months, yearly Prolactin conc at baseline, at 6 months, yearly

Question 32

with which antipsychotics is hyperprolactinemia least likely?

Answer 32

aripiprazole clozapine quetiapine

Question 33

Which gen of antipsychotics have highest and lowest risk of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 33

Highest: - risperidone, haloperidol, olanzapine Lowest: aripiprazole, quetiapine

Question 34

Which gen of antipsychotic has highest risk of CVD?

Answer 34

Both generations carry equal risk. IV admin most high risk. Highest risk drug is pimozide.

Question 35

What gen of antipsychotics carry highest risk of hypotension?

Answer 35

2nd gen highest risk (especially clozapine and quetiapine)

Question 36

what gen of antipsychotic has lowest risk of hyperglycemia/diabetes

Answer 36

LOWEST TOTAL RISK: haloperidol (2nd gen is higher risk EXCEPT for amisulpride and aripiprazole)

Question 37

what antipsychotics have the highest incidence of weight gain?

Answer 37

clozapine and olanzapine

Question 38

which CD drug has both opioid agonist and antagonist properties?

Answer 38

buprenorphine

Question 39

what SSRI has longest half life?

Answer 39

Fluoxetine

Question 40

what side effects does domperidone have if used for longer than 7 days?

Answer 40

Arrhythmias

Question 41

what side effects does metoclopramide have if used for longer than 5 days?

Answer 41

Neurological adverse effects (parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, dystonia)

Question 42

what should be used to treat nausea in parkinsons?

Answer 42

Cyclizine Domperidone Ondansetron

Question 43

what monitoring is requring in sodium valproate (besides PPP)?

Answer 43

Liver function before therapy and every 6 months.

Question 44

being high risk of developing type 2 diabetes is defined as a hba1c of?

Answer 44

42-47mmol

Question 45

how often should a type 2 diabetic stabilised on medication have thier hba1c checked?

Answer 45

every 6 months

Question 46

what is the optimal self monitoring blood glucose conc for driving?

Answer 46

at least 5mmol

Question 47

how often should you monitor TSH when somes thyroid level is stabilisded?

Answer 47

Yearly

Question 48

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 48

ADEK

Question 49

What are the common enzyme inhibitors? (causes INCREASED plasma concentrations)

Answer 49

**Sodium valproate** **Isoniazid** **Cimetidine** **Ketoconazole** **Fluconazole** **Alcohol (binging)** **Chloramphenicol** **Erythromycin** **Sulphonamide** **Ciprofloxacin** **Omeprazole** **Metronidazole**

Question 50

What are the common enzyme inducers? (causes DECREASED plasma concentrations)

Answer 50

Barbituates St johns wort Carbamazepine Rifampicin Alcohol (chronic) Phenytoin Griseofulvin Phenobarbitol Sulfonylureas

Question 51

What drugs does grapefruit juice interact with to cause an increased plasma concentration?

Answer 51

CVS: Amiodarone, Statins, CCBs CNS: sertraline, quetiapine Also: tacrolimus, ciclosporin, sildenafil, colchicine

Question 52

What drugs should be temporarily witheld in AKI?

Answer 52

**D**iuretics **A**CEI/ARB **M**etformin **N**SAIDs

Question 53

what can colour urine blue?

Answer 53

triamterene

Question 54

what can colour urine pink/orange?

Answer 54

phenindione

Question 55

what colours urine/body secretions: 1. red/orange 2. orange 3. yellow/brown

Answer 55

1. red/orange: RIFAMPICIN 2. orange: SULFASALAZINE 3. yellow/brown: NITROFURANTOIN, SENNA

Question 56

what anti-epileptic can cause vit D deficiency?

Answer 56

phenytoin

Question 57

how does smoking and alcohol affect theophylline?

Answer 57

The plasma-theophylline concentration is decreased in smokers, and by alcohol consumption.

Question 58

what electrolyte imbalance can be caused by theophylline?

Answer 58

hypokalemia

Question 59

what are signs of theophylline toxicity?

Answer 59

tachycardia, dilated pupils, hyperglycemia, convulsions, arrhythmias

Question 60

what IV anasthetic can be given to children to provide quick recovery and minimal hangover?

Answer 60

propofol

Question 61

what inhaled anasthetic has obstetric use?

Answer 61

isoflurane most commonly used, causes muscle relaxation. nitrous oxide is also used, has analgesic properties too, self administration.

Question 62

what is the washout period for sertraline?

Answer 62

2 weeks

Question 63

what is the washout period for fluoxetine?

Answer 63

5 weeks

Question 64

how long after stopping an MAOI can a patient drink alcohol?

Answer 64

2 weeks after stopping

Question 65

What monitoring needs to occur with lithium?

Answer 65

renal, cardiac, thyroid function, BMI, serum electrolytes, and a full blood count before treatment initiation. BMI, serum electrolytes, eGFR, and thyroid function every 6 months

Question 66

what are signs of litihum toxicity?

Answer 66

hypernatremia coarse tremor visual disturbance muscle weakness

Question 67

what anti-parkinsons drug group is most likely to cause reckless behaviour?

Answer 67

Most likely with dopamine agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine)(DA's also increase risk of serotonin syndrome with SSRI's) Can also happen with levodopa

Question 68

what are the MOBI's that are used in parkinsons?

Answer 68

rasigiline selegiline (caution in tyramine rich foods, also may increase conc of levodopa)

Question 69

What would TSH and T4 be in hypothyroidism?

Answer 69

High TSH Low T4

Question 70

What would TSH, T4 and T3 show in hyperthyroidism?

Answer 70

Low TSH High T4 and T3

Question 71

How long after taking EHC should a woman continue breastfeeding?

Answer 71

ulipristal: 1 weeks levon: does not matter

Question 72

what is: - herpes simplex - herpes zoster - varicella zoster

Answer 72

- herpes simplex (oral/genital herpes) - herpes zoster (shingles) - varicella zoster (chickenpox) DONT USE NSAIDS

Question 73

what is max dose of colchicine per day and per course? when can course be repeated?

Answer 73

500mcg 2-4 times daily max dose per course is three days repeat after 3 days

Question 74

when to stop warfarin before elective surgery?

Answer 74

5 days

Question 75

what pathogen is responsible for the majority of viral conjunctivitis cases?

Answer 75

adenovirus