MIS Test 2 (Chapter 2) Flashcards
What are the 3 stages of evolution?
- Stand-alone mainframe system
- Client-server architecture
- Service-oriented architecture
What is a stand-alone mainframe system?
- The application software, operating system, and database were all contained on a single piece of hardware.
- There was no monitor or mouse, users interacted with the mainframe via a terminal that was physically connected to the mainframe and input commands using punch cards.
What are the mainframe architecture limitations?
- Expensive
- Limited scalability
- Custom design
- in 1970s, software firms began to develop packaged applications, which reduced cost; however hardware operating systems and database needed to run the packaged application were still expensive
What is client-server architecture?
- Separated the three layers – presentation, application, and data – which allows layers to run simultaneously on different computers rather than a single mainframe
- Much more scalable and flexible
- Dramatically reduce costs of acquiring, implementing, and using an ES
What technology advances drove client-server architecture?
- More advanced operating systems that made it easier to manage complex hardware.
- Hardware and software continued to evolve becoming more efficient and capable and less expensive.
- Networking technologies, which allowed employes to connect to ES remotely.
What is service-oriented architecture?
- Use web services to integrate multiple client-server applications across multiple companies.
- Can be used to create mashups
- Enables companies to build composite applications on top of their existing three-tier client-server applications without changing the existing application.
- Gives companies extreme flexibility for very little cost.
Types of Enterprise Systems
- Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system
- Supply Chain Management (SCM) system
- Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) system
- Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system
- Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) system
What is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system?
- Support processes within a company (intracompany processes)
What is a supply chain management (SCM) system?
- Connect a company’s ERP system to those of its suppliers
- Help plan for production demand requirements and optimize complex transportation and logistics for materials
What is a supplier relationship management (SRM) system?
- Manage overall relationship with the materials suppliers
- Manage the quotation and contracts processes
What is a customer relationship management (CRM) system?
- Connect a company’s ERP system to those of its customers
- Manage marketing, sales, and service
What is a product life cycle management (PLM) system?
- Help companies administer processes of research, design, and product management
- Help take new product ideas from drawing board to manufacturing facility
Best-of-breed
- Applications that are isolated to one process or part of a process
- Have evolved from departmental applications
- E.g., i2 for supply chain planning; aruba for procurement
Niche applications
- Highly specialized applications for various industries and functions
- E.g., for retailers (pricing management tool from Vendavo)
- E.g., for dynamically displaying the organization chart of a company
What are ES delivery methods?
- On premise (installing software on physical hardware located at the customer site)
- Software-as-a-service (SaaS) (allows companies to acquire certain ES functionalities without physically installing software on their servers; aka cloud computing)
