Minority Influence

Question 1

What is social change?

Answer 1

Occurs when society adopts a new belief or way of behaving which then becomes widely accepted as the norm, can be positive or negative

Question 2

Describe minority influence

Answer 2

• Form of social influence where a minority of people persuade others to adopts their belief or behaviour. e.g. pressure groups = minority group
• Minority influence is most likely to lead to internalisation

Question 3

What are the key processes involved in minority influence?

Answer 3

Consistency, commitment and flexibility

Question 4

Describe consistency as a process of minority influence

Answer 4

• Over time, consistency in minority’s views increases the amount of interest from other people
• Consistency makes other rethink their own views
• Synchronic consistency - people in the minority are all saying the same thing
• Diachronic consistency - they have been saying the same thing for a long time

Question 5

Describe commitment as a process of minority influence

Answer 5

• Sometimes minorities engage in extreme activities to draw attentions to their cause
• It’s important that these extreme activities are at some risk to the minority as this shows to commitment to the cause
• This increases the amount of interest further from other majority group (the augmentation principle)

Question 6

Describe flexibility as a process of minority influence

Answer 6

• Researchers have questioned if being consistent is enough to cause minority influence as repeating the same argument can be seen as rigid which would make the minority less likely to convert the majority.
• The minority should be flexible and negotiate and accept counter arguments from the majoirty
• To be effective, the minority should find a balance between consistency and flexibility

Question 7

Give evaluation for minority influence (research for importance of flexibility)

Answer 7

• Nemeth and Brilmayer argued that if the minority is seen as uncompromising and inflexible, they’re unlikely to cause change.
• They constructed a mock jury with 3 participants and 1 confederate. They had to decide on how much compensation to give a ski lift accident victim. When the confederate wouldn’t change from a low amount, which seemed unreasonable, the majority stuck together at a higher amount. However, when the confederate changed his compensation offer a bit, so did the majority.
• Shows that the minority should balance consistency and flexibility to be effective in influence.

Question 8

Give evaluation for minority influence (deeper processing)

Answer 8

• Research evidence shows that change from a minority position involves deeper processing of ideas
• Martin et al gave participants a message supporting a particular viewpoint and measured their support. One group of participants heard this from a majority group and were then exposed to a conflicting view and were measured again. They found that people were less willing to change their opinions if they had listened to a minority group rather than from a majority.
• Suggests that the minority messages had been more deeply processed and had a more enduring effect, supporting the central argument about how minority influence occurs

Question 9

What is counterargument of Martin et al’s research?

Answer 9

• However, this research makes clear distinction between the majority and minority, while real-world social influence situations are more complicated. e.g. majorities have more power and status than minorities.
• Therefore Martin et al’s findings are limited in what they tell us about minority influence in real-world situations

Question 10

Give evaluation for minority influence (research support for consistency)

Answer 10

• Moscovici’s study had 2 groups each with 4 naive participants and 2 confederates. They were shown various blue slides that only differed in intensity and they were asked to judge the colour of the slides. In the consistent condition the confederates repeatedly called the blue slides green. In the inconsistent condition, the confederates said green on two thirds of the trials. The control group had 6 naive participants and they responded blue throughout.
• They found the consistent minority influenced the particiapnts to say green on over 8% of the trials, and 32% of them went along with the minority on atleast 1 trial. In the inconsistent group, the participants said green on 1.25% of the trials, while the control group said green on 0.25% of the trials.
• Suggesting that a consistency minority is more influential than an inconsistent one