Minorities test 2 Flashcards
What was a notable difference in the ADA compared to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973? (Ms. Braswell talked about this.)
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was the first civil right legislation that dealt with disability. It applies to any institution that that receives federal funds, so almost all colleges in America.
The big difference between ADA and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was that under 504 (Rehabilitation Act) you could complain to the office of civil rights if there was a violation and the office of civil rights would come in and investigate. They would decide if the school had violated rules or not. You couldn’t sue anybody, so an individual student couldn’t just take someone to court under that law.
ADA came along and suddenly you could do that. You can now sue a restaurant, a hotel chain etc.
What is a key distinction between an Us AND Them relationship and an Us VERSUS Them relationship?
AND relationships are healthy and unproblematic.
VS relationships are problematic. Depending how far you take it.
What are four mentalities associated with an Us VERSUS Them relationship? Be able to recognize examples of these.
- Stereotyping: hasty generalizations. You take a whole group of people and reduce them to one or two characteristics.
- Scapegoating: being blamed for something you haven’t done. You can have been involved, but the blame is disproportional.
- Absolutism: binary thinking. When you start reducing the other group to the bad guys. People in that group are all completely bad, and people in your group are all completely good. It’s a black and white way of looking at the world.
- Dehumanization (objectification): happens in genocide etc. You stop seeing other people as humans, which strips us of any connection to someone.
Given a scenario, be able to suggest what feature(s) of objectification are most apparent. (I will give you the options on the test; you needn’t memorize the names of the features.)
Reduction to body: the treatment of a person as identified with their body, or body parts. (Ex: adverts with just body parts)
Reduction to appearance: the treatment of a person primarily in terms of how they look, or how they appear to the senses.
Instrumentality: the treatment of a person as a tool for the objectifier’s purposes.
Fungibility: the treatment of a person as interchangeable with other objects.
Violability: the treatment of a person as lacking in boundary-integrity. (you can just touch them etc.)
Inertness: the treatment of a person as lacking in agency, and perhaps also in activity. (lacking choice)
Ownership: the treatment of a person as something that is owned by another (can be bought or sold)
Denial of autonomy: the treatment of a person as lacking in autonomy and self-determination.
Denial of subjectivity: the treatment of a person as something whose experiences and feelings (if any) need not be taken into account.
Silencing: the treatment of a person as if they are silent, lacking the capacity to speak. (Ex: saying things on behalf of someone else)
Be familiar with basic demographic information about American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) populations.
Before the 1500’s, it’s estimated that there was 6-10 million native Americans in the US.
Today:
alone –> 0.8-0.9 %.
combined –> 1.7-2 %.
326 reservations in the US right now.
573 federally recognized tribes –> 229/230 of them are in Alaska.
What were a couple main purposes of the Indian boarding schools?
To help children assimilate. To civilize American Indians. They wanted to change them as a people and make them more like Americans. They wanted to take kids far away from their families for a long enough time so that they would become white in speech, work skills and attitudes.
What are some criticisms of the Indian boarding schools? Why does any of that still matter (according to video/lecture)?
The kids would have very long days. They did cooking, cleaning, farming etc., so only a portion of their days were spent on academics and education.
What is tribal sovereignty?
Supreme and independent authority over a certain geographical area. Tribes are sovereign nations - don’t need to talk to government about stuff.
Why do American Indians live on reservations?
Native Americans used to own all North America and the reservations are the lands that weren’t sold, claimed/stolen/conquered. Reservations are the lands that was negotiated between these two different sovereign states. Their ancestors payed dearly to keep this land.
60 % of native Americans live in cities.
Why do American Indians have rights that other U.S. citizens don’t?
Because that is what was negotiated in a nation to nation treaty and that should be honored.
Traditional
may or may not speak (English). Tend to hold traditional values and beliefs, and practice traditional customs.
Given a scenario, be able to argue (using reason and the “elements of cultural appropriation” handout) whether the example is a case of cultural appropriation rather than general cultural diffusion or exchange.
Cultural appropriation often involves using/adopting something:
a) in a way that perpetuates stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, or outdated views of that people
b) in a way that is perceived by that culture as disrespectful
c) in a way that profits others greatly, especially at the expenses of that culture
d) for which members of that group are criticized/persecuted but for which majority status members can use/do freely or stylishly
e) focused on superficiality/appearance and stylish rather than practical, functional, or deeply significant; costume-like: ex. Halloween costumes.
f) as a substitute for actual appreciation of people
g) in a way that does not give credit to that culture
Why are some American Indians opposed to the use of an Indian as a mascot? (You don’t need to agree with these arguments, just be aware of what they are.)
Because it is offense. It’s a name that impairs/disables the Indians population. The most popular mascots in the US are animals and Indians, and they don’t want to be associated with animals. These mascots are teaching stereotypical, misleading and too often, insulting images of American Indians.
Marginal
may speak both native language and (English). May not fully accept the culture of their tribe/native group.
Bi-cultural
generally accepted by both tribal and dominant societies. Fluent in American and native culture. Their original culture might say they’re too American, while general American mainstream culture might not accept them as being a real American.
