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OBCE Review > Minor Surgery > Flashcards

Minor Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common complication for minor surgery?

A

Anxiety

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2
Q

Ideal age?

A

15-65 y.o.

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3
Q

Riskiest body type?

A

Endomorph (heal slower).

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4
Q

What body type heals fastest?

A

Ectomorph

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5
Q

What is does vitamin k help for?

A

Clotting Factor

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6
Q

What should you ask them?

A

Have they been to the dentist for numbness without complication.

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7
Q

What leads to bleeding?

A

Aspirin.

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8
Q

T/F: Diuretics cause a risk.

A

True. (not as much if under 35 y.o.)

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9
Q

Why are diabetics a high risk?

A

Infection.

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10
Q

What do all patients require before surgery? (blood work)

A

CBC, UA, and prothrombin time.

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11
Q

T/F: Patients have to ask you to remove a mole.

A

T. Can’t bring up surgery to patients.

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12
Q

T/F: Don’t lie to a patient about length of time for surgery.

A

F; Overestimate the time required.

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13
Q

What are 4 important logistical things regarding surgery?

A

Rest 2-3 hours after surgery.
Give paper about post surgery bleeding.
Don’t do surgery on Fridays.
Checkin w/in 24 hours after surgery.

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14
Q

What is the most common form of sterilization?

A

Steam autoclave. (13 min. @ 120 degrees C @14.5 PSI).

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15
Q

What is the most common gas used for sterilization?

A

Ethylene Oxide.

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16
Q

When is dry sterilization ok to use?

A

Emergencies. (1 hr. 170C)

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17
Q

What is the least effective sterilization?

A

Cold sterilization.
Dulls tools.
Iodine.

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18
Q

T/F: Shave patient prior to surgery.

A

F. Trim hair.

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19
Q

What is the most important step of sterilization?

A

Gloving.

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20
Q

Antiseptic

A

Limits multiplication.

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21
Q

Bactericidal:

A

Kills. Don’t use on patients.

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22
Q

Phenol Coefficient:

A

Every other antiseptic compared to 80% dilution of phenol carbo acid.

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23
Q

Name an example of a tar derivative.

A

Phenol

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24
Q

What is used in dilutions in the vagina?

A

Bolton’s solution.

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25
Q

Black tar derivative that comes in spray cans in .5%; not for patients.

A

Cresol.

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26
Q

Used for itchy skin conditions.

A

Resourcinal.

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27
Q

Used for mouth, fungal infections, and foot worm.

A

Thymol.

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28
Q

Phenol coefficient of 7x; used for burns; evaporates TNT.

A

Trinitrolphenol.

7x more powerful than 80% phenol and toxic

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29
Q

Proflaven dehydrochloride concentration

A

1:1000

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30
Q

Merthyolate concentration

A

1:2000.

Pre-surgical scrub after soapy iodine bath.

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31
Q

Halogens:

A

Chloride, Iodine, Silver nitrite.

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32
Q

Daikens solution

A

Chloride.
Kept in light resistant bottle.
Lasts 24 hours.
Dissolves good and bad tissue.

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33
Q

Creed treatment:

A

Antiseptic treatment in eyes of newborns (gonorrhea).

Silver nitrite.

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34
Q

T/F: Alcohol works well for sterilization.

A

F.

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35
Q

Used to preserve tissue.

A

Formaldehyde.

10% is formalin.

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36
Q

What is used to clean, but not disinfect, and has no antibacterial properties?

A

Pluronic F68

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37
Q

Bacteriostatic that is a teratogen?

A

Hexochlorophine.

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38
Q

What presents the biggest risk to patients?

A

Concentration mistakes.

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39
Q

Epinephrine:

A

anesthetic.
Vasoconstrictive.
Can’t use on fingers, toes, ears, nose, penis.
1/100,000 or 1/200,000.

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40
Q

2 Secondary effects of local anesthetics.

A

Limit bleeding.

Potentiate infections.

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41
Q

Minor surgery needle gauge?

A

25, 26, or 27

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42
Q

Venopuncture gauge?

A

21.

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43
Q

Skin refrigerant:

A

Ethyl chloride (spray).

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44
Q

2 surgery rules:

A

Only with patient laying down.

Multiple wounds or more that 35cc epi, then REFER.

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45
Q

Anesthetic injection steps:

A

Inject, withdraw plunger, and look for blood. If not pink, then proceed and distribute as you withdraw.

46
Q

Cut is already open, so you don’t need to pierce the skin with the needle.

A

Direct infiltration.

47
Q

Used in elective surgeries where you inject anesthetic around the area you are about to cut.

A

Field block.

48
Q

Go in at base of digit with 2cc on each side to numb the finger.

A

Volar block.

49
Q

Procaine AKA:

A

AKA novacaine.

Ester base.

50
Q

Tetracaine AKA:

A

AKA pontracaine

Ester base.

51
Q

Lidocaine AKA:

A

Zilocaine.

Amide base.

52
Q

Mapiphacaine AKA:

A

Carbocaine.

Vasoconstrictive (same epi limitations).

53
Q

Bupiphicaine AKA:

A

Marcaine.

Use less than 2% epi concentration.

54
Q

3 part topical analgesic that is used on children:

A

TAC: Tetracaine, epinephrin, and cocaine.

Equal parts.

55
Q

What spray is used for throat?

A

Rostra.

56
Q

What are the 3 toxic effects of local anesthetics?

too much, too quickly

A

Cardiovascular (w/slurred or lethargic response).
Excitatory CNS (panic/shock).
Allergic (asthma attack or vasovagal syncope).

57
Q

What is the sequence of healing?

5

A 
Wound healing
Inflammatory
Epithelialization
Collagenization
Wound contraction
58
Q

Primary union:

A

Sew them up

59
Q

Secondary union:

A

Don’t sew them up.

60
Q

Tertiary union:

A

Delayed closure (penrose drain)

61
Q

Rubor:

A

Redness

62
Q

Tumor:

A

Swelling

63
Q

Callor

A

Warm

64
Q

Dolor

A

Tenderness

65
Q

What is the other sign of infection?

A

Redness greater than 1 cm from incision = infection

66
Q

What are the cardinal infection signs?

A

Rubor, Calor, Tumor, Dolor.

100,000 organisms/gram of tissue.

67
Q

What is the most common infection?

A

Staph Aureus.

68
Q

What requires a tetanus shot?

A

Stellate (3 branches)
Crush
Muscle penetration

69
Q

How often do you need a tetanus booster?

A

Every 5 years.

70
Q

What does a 4x4 gauze help with?

A

Helps maintain homeostasis.

71
Q

What is the relationship b/w aughts and suture size?

A

Increased aughts -> decreased suture size

72
Q

How long do you leave sutures in for extensor surfaces and lower extremity?

A

2 weeks

73
Q

How long do you leave sutures in on the face?

A

3 days.

74
Q

What are the 4 occlusive wound dressing types?

A

Films
Foams
Hydrocolloids
hydrogels

75
Q

When is 4% lidocaine ok?

A

Topically

76
Q

T/F: Never exceed 2% of injections.

A

T

77
Q

What is used in place of iodine with allergies?

A

Benaconium Chloride.

78
Q

Tumors:

A

Hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia

79
Q

Benign tumors:

A

Grow slow, nontender.

80
Q

Blunt trauma that pushes fat cell into superficial fascia?

A

Keloid

Lipomas

81
Q

Produces sebum next to the hair follicle in skin.

A

Sebaceous cyst.

Excision and biopsy

82
Q

Malignant tumors

A

Grows fast, spreads, fragile.

83
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

From UV exposure.
takes one to two years to reach centimeter in size.
Less than 1/10 of 1% spread.

84
Q

Where is Squamous cell found?

A

Ears

85
Q

What should a chiropractor do if they find melanoma?

A

Calls a specialist.

86
Q

What are warts also known as?

A

Verrucae vulgaris

87
Q

What is a Papilloma also known as?

A

Skin tags.

Can be removed.

88
Q

What percentage of cutaneous horns become cancerous?

A

12%

89
Q

Are ganglion cyst within the scope of practice?

A

No

90
Q

How do you treat for furuncles and carbuncles?

A

Can be drained or burnt.

Requires antibiotics.

91
Q

How do you treat paronychia?

A

Remove the nail

92
Q

How often do you suture bites closed?

A

Never suture bites closed

93
Q

Pasteurella nutosa:

A

Animal bites

94
Q

Echeanella corrodids

A

Human bites

95
Q

When do human bites usually occur?

A

From punching someone in the face.

96
Q

What can come in the lead to osteomyelitis?

A

Human bites

97
Q

What do you do for snakebites?

A

Apply restrictive band, lay patient down, and have them breathe slowly.

98
Q

What do you do for spider bites?

A

Cut them out if you get to them quickly.

99
Q

What do you use for black widow bites?

A

Liovac

100
Q

What do you use for any other insect?

A

Hymenoptera

101
Q

How do you remove ticks?

A

Grasp with tissue forceps and gently pull them by the body.

102
Q

What is a form of hypothermia?

A

Frostbite

103
Q

What is conduction?

A

Direct contact.

104
Q

What is confection?

A

Wind

105
Q

Burns need to cover what percentage of the adult body to go to the hospital?

A

50%

106
Q

The child must go to the hospital is what percentage of their body is covered in Burns?

A

33%

107
Q

What is a 1st° burn?

A

Redness

108
Q

What is a second-degree burn?

A

Redness and blisters

109
Q

What is a third-degree burn?

A

Redness, blisters, and lots of tissue

110
Q

Burns are most dangerous for which age groups?

A

The old and younger in trouble

111
Q

What do you use to cure poison oak?

A

Baking soda

112
Q

What is the cut off for minor surgery?

A

Superficial fascia. That which is on or just under the skin is fair game.

OBCE Review (2 decks)

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