Minor Prophets Flashcards
1
Q
Daniel’s friends name meanings
A
Hananiah-God has shown grace -shadrach-the commander of Aku Mishael-who is what God is? -Meshach-who is what Aku is? Aazariah-God has helped -abendnego-servant of Nego
2
Q
Administrator of kings
A
Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, Darius (Mede), Cyrus?
Daniel served under all these rulers! And remained pure!
3
Q
Daniel’s position of influence
A
Who is the greater God?
Protecting the welfare of the captive people
Daniel and his friends are the administrators
4
Q
Style of book
A
History, prophetic, apocalyptic
5
Q
Language division of book
A
Hebrew 1:1-2:4a, 8-12 (Jews)
Aramaic 2:4b-7:28 (Gentiles)
6
Q
Prophecies in Daniel
A
Great image, beasts, 70 weeks
7
Q
Message of Daniel
A
Sovereignty of the creator/redeemer over kingdoms and circumstances of life
The rise and fall of kingdoms of men
The existence of the kingdom of God
8
Q
Conclusions from Daniel
A
The kingdom has always been God’s
The father has granted sovereignty to the Messiah
The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit rule over all the world
We await the full establishment of the kingdom
9
Q
Daniel 1-6
A
Ch 1 the food test Ch 2 the dream test Ch 3 the image of gold test Ch 4 the power test (tree cut down) Ch 5 the revelation test Ch 6 the nature test
10
Q
Daniel 7-12 themes
A
Horror of human evil as concentrated in the state
Announcement of specific time of deliverance
Repentance that leads to deliverance
Revelation that cosmic war stands behind human conflict
Judgment is certain for those who resist God and oppose His people
Certainty that Gods people now oppressed will have new life in full
11
Q
Ch 7-12 the future
A
Ch 7 dream of the 4 beasts
Ch 8 vision of the ram and goat
Ch 9 Daniels intercession and vision
Ch 10-12 the final vision
12
Q
Hosea: theme or message
A
Knowing God’s love
13
Q
Background: historical and political
A
End of Jeroboam II rule Either right before or after Amos Decay and calamity ahead Assyria rising up Israel in for a quick succession of kings
14
Q
Social conditions of Hosea
A
Rulers set poor examples
Property of little value
Correct courts
People hardened by conditions-bloodshed, highway robbery, murder, organized crime (Led by priests), class hatred, family life falling apart
15
Q
Religious conditions of Hosea- sin rules in peoples hearts
A
Priests did not lead people to God but actually made sin attractive
Unfaithfulness in worship and marriage
God’s people refused to love the one who loved them
Lesson-physical adultery is an outward result of spiritual adultery
If you can’t be faithful to God, what is the holding from being faithful to people
16
Q
The man Hosea:
Name means, father, who he prophecies to
A
Salvation
Son of Beeri
Prophet of N. Kingdom, to address his own people
17
Q
Hosea’s marriage
A
1:2 “a wife of harlotry
Allegory, spiritual lesson of Israel’s unfaithfulness
He actually married a woman known to him to be a harlot, perhaps a temple prostitute
He married a woman who was religiously unfaithful and worship false gods
He married a woman whom he thought pure but later was unfaithful (prophetic anticipation)
18
Q
The children of Hosea
A
Jezreel (son)- place where Jehu’s sword ended dynasty of omri with slaughter
Lo-ruhamah (daughter)- not pitied or no compassion
Lo-ammi (son)- not my people
19
Q
Two key truths of Hosea
A
The root sin is the people’s unfaithfulness to God
The nature of God’s loving kindness to His people
20
Q
Hosea’s relationship images
A
A king and his subjects
A father and his child
A husband and his wife
Hosea’s family is the message
21
Q
Chapter one
A
Hosea’s family: the marriage, the children, then the promise
22
Q
Ch 2
A
Hosea’s and God’s divorce
Hosea/gomer
God/Israel
23
Q
Chapter 3
A
Hosea and Gomer’s reconciliation
24
Q
Joel: prophecies to, name, father
A
Judah
The Lord is God
Son of Pethuel
25
The dating of Joel
Uncertain, but early date is accepted
Because there's no reference to Assyria and Babylon, absence of reference to King
Reference to exile 3:2-3
26
Occasion of Joel
A great locust plague: historical, literal, in his lifetime
Allegorical-invading army, 4 stages of locust represent Assyria-Babylon, Media-Persian, Greek, Roman
Apocalyptic - end times, eschatological figure
27
Style of Joel
Poetry, metaphors, similes, war imagery, imperatives
28
Theme of Joel
The Day of the Lord
Historical day of judgment
A period of judgment
Eschatological day of reckoning
29
The four main topics of Joel
Desolation of locust plague
Repentance leads to renewal of land
Judgment of God's enemies
The gifts of the Holy Spirit
30
Three themes relating to the Spirit of God in the OT
His presence, His power, His revelation
31
Five views about the gifts of the Holy Spirit being poured out
Termination at Pentecost: from Joel to Jesus
Fulfillment at Pentecost: acts 2:17
Nonfulfillment: at end of time in Israel
Typical fulfillment: at Pentecost again at end (but not in between)
Continuous: from Pentecost to end of time
32
Chapter one of Joel
The plague of locusts, total destruction
Drunkards mourn (wheat to make alcohol) , priests mourn (offerings) , farmers mourn (crops) (animals) , hearts of people mourn - rejoicing stops
Then lament, fast, solemn assembly
Call to respond
Lesson-people either turn to God or away from Him in crisis, His purpose is to bring you closer to God
33
Chapter two of Joel
How to respond to crisis with results
Blow a trumpet, sound an alarm
Lesson- if no one confronts the problem nothing will change
Repent, return to God with all your heart
Lesson- a broken heart='s a restored heart
34
Chapter two continued of Joel
Gather people to fast and pray
Rejoice and be glad
Lesson- know God's nature and believe Him
God will restore: every judgment is for us to turn back
Lesson- God's ability to restore is greater than our losses
God will pour out His Spirit
Lesson-if you come, He will come
35
Chapter 3 of Joel
(Still ch 2 The day of the Lord will come
Lesson-perception of presence is positional)
God makes all things right, valley of God's judgment
Lesson - you will answer for now you treat God's possessions and His people
Lesson- if you fight God you lose
God makes everything right
Final restoration
Judah will be inhabited forever
Lesson- in the end you will know what He already knows. He is God with you forever
36
Amos-a cry for justice
| The man:
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Name means burden
From Tekoa
Herdsman and grower of sycamore figs
No education but student of God's law
Poor man sent from judah to proud capital of Israel
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37
Dating of Amos
V.1 date of preaching mission; two years before earthquake
38
Circumstances: political and social conditions of Amos
Jeroboam II extended borders, trade
Powerful merchants, no middle class, poor neglected and oppressed
Justice to highest bidder, power to money lenders
Poor have to mortgage their land and self
Fruits of prosperity: Pride, luxury, selfishness, greed, oppression, moral decay
39
Religious conditions of Amos
Not neglected but perverted, ritual but no godliness, other gods, which ceremony and costly sacrifice at expense of poor
Both God and Amos oppose the; misuse, excuse, and abuse of sacrificial system
40
Oracles against the nations in Amos 1:3-2:16
Aram, Philistia, Phoenicia (Tyre), Edom, Ammon, Moab, Judah, Israel
Each judgment is fire
41
The five oracles 3:1-6:14
Ch3 - prophet and altar in agreement
Ch4 - haven't returned
Ch5 - nation dead yet individuals can still live
Day of the Lord is coming, near view/far view
Social injustice is intolerable to God
Ch6 - exile because of turning justice into poison
42
Five visions of judgments in Amos
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Locusts (7:1-3 pardon)
Fire (7:4-6 pardon)
Plumb line (7:7-9)
Autobiographical (7:10-17)
Summer fruit (8:1-14)
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43
The final restoration- Amos 9:11-15
Fallen booth of David is raised up
Plowman overtakes the reaper
Captivity of Israel restored
Planted of their land
44
Obadiah "Family Feud Finally Fixed"
Edom
Name means worshiper or servant of the Lord
From Judah
45
Land of Edom
South of Dead Sea
Kings highway
Petra
46
Sibling rivalry of Obadiah
Lesson-strong
| Warning against brotherly strife
47
Occasion and date of Obadiah
Jerusalem plundered and Edom helped
Jehoram 845 earliest
Final destruction 587 latest
48
Early dating for Obadiah reasons
Not mention whole population deportation
Captives to Phoenicia and west
No mention of total temple and city destruction
Amos, Joel, and Jeremiah snow acquaintance with Obadiah
49
Style of Obadiah
Vigorous poetic language, personified and direct
Prophetic perfect tense
Crime in climatic order
Contrast sin and doom with hope and victory
Judgment from particular to general
Israel restoration and establishment of KOG
50
Obadiah v. 1-9: requirement of judgment
Arrogance of Edom
The answer of God
Lesson- God hears and responds
51
Obadiah vs. 10-14: reasons for judgment
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Violence to brother (Judah)
No concern or compassion for brother
Rejoicing over brothers judgment
Looting their wealth
Helping enemy capture and imprison
Lessons:
Ridicule of others in judgment will bring to self
Having compassion for others in day of distress
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52
Obadiah vs. 15-21: results of judgment
"Your dealings will turn on your own head"
On Edom: total destruction
Lesson: live by sword/die by sword
On all nations: Day of the Lord, restoration of God's people and judgment of Gods enemies
Lesson: Eternal justice will prevail
Lesson: the kingdom is the Lord's
53
Conclusion of Obadiah
By 70 AD all destroyed and people disappeared
54
Jonah
Name means dove
Son of Amotti
A prophet of Gath-hepher, zebulan, now Galilee
55
Four possible interpretations of Jonah
* Legend- myth, fiction based on legend
* Parable- post exile Judaism and unsaved world
* Allegory- Jonah - Israel mission to world, fish - Babylon, disgorgincy - return of Jews from exile, Jonah's dissatisfaction, spirit of Judaism
* Historical- obvious sense of text, Jewish tradition accepts, jesus reference in Mt. 10 and Lk. 11
56
Purpose of Jonah
Protest against narrow, exclusive Judaism
| God's love is for all nations
57
Jonah vs. 1-5
The prophet who said yes, says no
| Lesson- humans have a tendency to flee responsibility
58
Jonah vs. 6-8
Casting lots with the pagans- God is still in control
| Lesson- God uses the forces of nature for his own purposes
59
Jonah vs. 9-12
Fearing God, fleeing God and spreading the consequences
60
Jonah vs. 13-17
The unbelievers call on God, try to save the one who caused them trouble, and offer sacrifices to God
61
Chapter 2 of Jonah
Wrapping, repenting, regurgitating
| Lesson- though God will punish disobedience, he desires to show mercy
62
Chapter 3 of Jonah- revival in Nineveh
The people of Nineveh they believed in God
Lesson- though God will punish disobedience, he desires to show mercy
The animals fast too, seriousness of message
Lesson- The most unpromising mission field may be the most responsive
Lesson- true repentance may avert catastrophe that is threatened
63
Chapter four of Jonah - regrets of Jonah and rejoicing of God
Jonas prophecy versus God's compassion
Jonas comfort versus God's compassion
Lesson- God desires to deal with all and mercy and kindness whether disobedient Jews are cruel Gentiles
Lesson- God would have us love all as he loves all, we should treat other people in the way he treated us
64
Micah-He has told you what is good
| Prophecies to
Israel and Judah
65
Historical and political background of Micah
Assyria rising, insecurity, rapid change in leadership
66
Social background of Micah
Peasants suffer, villages overrun, all are to blame for greed and cruelty
67
Religious background of Micah
Sins of the times: oppression of poor, use of power, lack of integrity, scorn of religion, greed, corruption in both church and state
68
Who is Micah
Name means, who is like God
| Home- maresheth-gath, small village near philistine border
69
Micah chapter 1
Coming judgment on Israel
Definite prediction- Samaria the capital of Israel to fall 1:6-7
Paronomasia- to form a word by a slight change, a play on words, a pun 1:10-15
70
Micah chapter 2
Israel punished and restored
| Lesson- words of judgment for wrong do not bother those doing right
71
Micah chapter 3
Condemning princes and prophets
| Definite prediction-Jerusalem and temple to be destroyed
72
Micah chapter 4
Coming glory and peace of Jerusalem
Definite prediction- God's people brought back from captivity
Definite prediction- people of Judah to Babylon
73
Micah chapter 5
The suffering and restoration of Zion
| Definite prediction- The Messiah to be born in Bethlehem
74
Micah chapter 6
Questions and answers
Key verse (6:8): he has told you what is good and what he requires!
Do justice, love kindness, walk humbly with your God
75
Micah chapter 7
Corruption of society and concluding statement of trust in God
76
Nahum: a nation with no hope
Assyria (Jonah 785-775)
77
Dating of Nahum
Between two events: past- capture of Thebes and capital of upper Egypt by Asherbanipal
Future- 14 years after the death of Asherbanipal 626 BC Nineveh fell 612
78
The historical background of Nahum
North kingdom taken captive 722 by Assyria now it is judgment time for them
Nineveh founded by Nimrod; famous for centuries
79
The man Nahum
Name means consolation or compassion
| Elkoshite
80
The prediction of Nahum
Vs. 1:8 and 2:6
A vital walk of the city was carried away by a great flood, this ruin of the defense system permitted the Medes and Chaldeans to storm the city without difficulty
81
The theme or message of Nahum
The doom of Nineveh: the God of Israel whom Assyria despised is the God who controls the destinies and actions of nations
Lesson- don't assume that because God acts graciously to allow time for repentance that you got away with it
82
Habakkuk-the righteous must live by faith
Judah
| Name means to embrace
83
Background of Habakkuk
End of Josiah's reign into Jehoiakim, end of Assyria beginning of Babylon's rise to power
84
Uniqueness of Habakkuk
Theodicy: a vindication of the justice of God in permitting evil to exist
Two chapters are a dialogue between the prophet and God
The third chapter is a prayer
85
The message and lesson of Habakkuk
Message- the just shall live by faith
| Lesson- the short view is likely to be a false view
86
Chapter one and two of Habakkuk
Questions and answers
Hab. To God - what are you going to do about it
God to Hab. - I am doing something but you won't believe it
87
Chapter three of Habakkuk
The prayer of the faithful
88
Zephaniah
National judgment - individual redemption
Judah
Name means the Lord has hidden
An aristocrat - lineage back to Hezekiah
Contemporary with Nahum and Jeremiah
Related to Josiah
Lived in Jerusalem
89
Political background of Zephaniah
Decay and dissolution
Scythians moved into Assyria and even down to Egypt
Babylon beginning to assert itself
Watching death of one world empire and rise of the next one
Judah caught in the middle
90
Social/religious background of Zephaniah
Josiah rule following Manasseh and Ammon
Pure worship had been banished
Corruption and injustice
-God's prophets had not been allowed to speak
91
Three messages of Zephaniah
Approaching day of the Lord, judah will be devastated
An appeal for repentance
The return of a remnant and final restoration
92
The Day of the Lord in Zephaniah
God intruded into human affairs
God's judgment will come on all creation
Judgment both historical and eschatological
All creation must submit to his sovereignty willingly or not
No discrimination but distinction between wicked and humble
Day of indication, glorification, and full redemption of godly
93
Chapter one of Zephaniah
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Five reasons for judgment :
Baal worship
Turning back from God
Never seeking God
Violence and deceit
Stagnant in spirit
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94
Chapter two of Zephaniah
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Judgment on the nations :
Gaza and Ekron
Cherethites
Moab
Ethiopian
Assyria
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95
Chapter three of Zephaniah
Judah's judgment and redemption:
Corruption of leaders
No corruption in God
Not representation of what following God is like
Lesson- when God's people are corrupt don't believe God is corrupt
God won't take back gifts so you can function with them in bad ways
96
Vs 9-13 of chapter three in Zephaniah
Restoration of Jerusalem and nations
| Purified lips and dispersed ones; reversal of Babel
97
Haggai- the greater later glory
Name means festive or festal, perhaps born on a festival day
98
Historical background of Haggai
Move to post exilic times
Cyrus the Persian favored return of caprices and gave financial support
Influence of Daniel?
Faced hostile neighbors and indifference
In 2 years built altar, sacrificed, laid foundation of temple
16 years temple still not be built because of opposition and change in their priorities
Both Haggai and Zechariah called people to restore the temple
Two people in charge/ zerubbabel, and Jeshua
99
Key verse of Haggai
2:9 "the glory of this latter temple shall be greater than the former, says the Lord of hosts. And in this place I will give peace, says the Lord of hosts."
destroy this temple and I will rebuild it in 3 days
100
Three tokens of hope in Haggai
Smaller temple-will be greater
Spirit of God in midst-transforms creation
Zerubbabel- servant, signet ring, messianic kingdom
101
Chapter one of Haggai
Consider your ways
| Lesson- the fullness of God's blessing is dependent upon obedience
102
Chapter two of Haggai
Glory in the house
Right relationship brings this kind of restoration
Not by earning but by coming into the presence of a holy God
Zerubbabel is the down payment to assure us that the promise is still in place
103
Zechariah- by My power
Name means he whine the Lord remembers
From a priestly family
16 years after first return-rebuild temple
Later time of his life- houses are built, walls of city undone, intermarriage
104
Background of Zechariah
```
Same as Haggai
Younger prophet alongside of Haggai
Book is divided into 2 sections:
Ch 1-8 focuses on his day
9-14 more messianic and apocalyptic
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105
Chapter one of Zechariah
Return to Me
| God returns to Jerusalem with compassion to rebuild his house
106
Chapter two of Zechariah
Protected by the presence
No walls to measure the size of the city
A wall of fire, God's protection is a wall of fire
fire can: purify, heat, cook, destroy
107
Chapter three of Zechariah
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Prophecy to Jeshua
Accused by satan
Received by God
Ministry with access
Lesson- you can do God's work in your own strength or with the help of his spirit and the host of heaven
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108
Chapter four of Zechariah
Prophecy to zerubbabel
Lamp stand, olive trees
The mountain becomes a plain
Zerubbabel will put last stone on it ; yell grace grace to it
Connection between spiritual and practical
Vs 14 two anointed ones who stand before the Lord of the whole earth
109
Chapter five of Zechariah
The flying scroll of judgment
110
Chapter six of Zechariah
Joshua the branch builds the temple
111
Chapter seven of Zechariah
Who did you fast for
112
Chapter eight of Zechariah
Promise of restoration
| Things you should do
113
Chapter 9 of Zechariah
The king on a colt -peace vs war
114
Chapter ten of Zechariah
God strengthens and restores
115
Chapter 11 of Zechariah
Give me my wages
116
Chapter 12 of Zechariah
Pour out on house of David. Mourn for him, weep bitterly
117
Chapter 13 of Zechariah
The one they pierced
| The wounds of friends
118
Chapter 14 of Zechariah
Everything holy
119
Malachi: loyalty to God in all things
Name means messenger of God
| Jews 435-415
120
Background of Malachi
Time of Nehemiah
Temple is rebuilt
Neglect of tithes and intermarriage
121
Six ways Jews dishonored God
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They didn't give him the honor due 1:6
Made a covenant with other gods 2:10
Broke marriage covenant 2:13
Said God doesn't punish evil 2:17
Robbed God by not tithing 3:8
Said there was no profit in serving God 3:14
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122
Four messages of loyalty in Malachi
Honor God by giving of ones substance
Honor God by being faithful in marriage
Honor God by assuming social responsibility
Honor God by showing devotion to him
123
Chapter one of Malachi
God's compassion
Declared- I have loved you
Doubted- how have you loved
Demonstrated- Jacob vs Esau
Lesson- people give their best to those they respect
Lesson- lack of respect for God causes you to become tired of serving him
124
Chapter two of Malachi
Spiritually mixed marriage
No missionary dating
5 reasons God hates divorce:
It breaks covenant, it reflects back on God, it is treacherous behavior, it turns heart of father from children, it turns heart of children from father
125
Chapter three of Malachi
Robbing God
126
Chapter four of Malachi
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The day of fire - Elijah
Consumes and purifies
Devours
Purifies and heals
Restores before messiah comes
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127
Daniel the statesman prophet: name meaning, reigning kingdom, name change, character, when taken captive
God is my judge
Babylonian kingdom reigns
Beltshazzar- Bel protect his life
Faith, righteousness, courage, capability
Taken captive with first group. 3rd year of Jehoiakim
128
Chapter 4 of Hosea
Gods case against Israel : no faithfulness
Know God know faithfulness
No God no faithfulness
129
Chapter 5 of Hosea
Two things that keep you from returning to the lord :
Your deeds and your pride
Until you acknowledge your guilt and seek him, God will remove himself
130
Chapter six of Hosea
Loyalty to God :
We must return to God and press on to know him
God prefers loyalty to sacrifice
131
Chapter seven of Hosea
3 ways sin makes you stupid :
You don't think God sees
You don't see things as they are
You are only sorry you got caught
132
Chapter 8 of Hosea
Broken covenant and altars of sin:
The people of God replace his rule with their rulers
It's possible to build altar and reject God's law
133
Chapter 9 of Hosea
The watchman turned sinner:
| Israel was God's prophet to nations but became fools ; you become like what you love
134
Chapter 10 of Hosea
Time to seek the Lord :
| Vs. 12
135
Chapter 11 of Hosea
Even though the child rejects the father and his ways and must face the consequences , the father never stops loving the son
136
Chapter 12 of Hosea
Return to God or receive the reward of your sin vs. 6 and 14
137
Chapter 13 of Hosea
I didn't forget you but you forgot me vs. 4 and 6 and 16
138
Chapter 14 of Hosea
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The words of repentance bring results:
Words of repentance
Vs. 2, 3
Response of God
Vs. 4, 9
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