Minor congenital anomalies Flashcards
What should you bear in mind on finding peripheral cyanosis of the hands and feet?
this is common in the first day of life
What causes traumatic cyanosis?
caused by cord, eg. around baby’s neck or from face or brow presentation
How can traumatic cyanosis present?
blue discolouration of skin, petechiae over head and neck or affected part but not the tongue
What should you do if you detect subconjunctival haemorrhages?
they can occur during deliver but should be documented to avoid confusion with non-accidental injury when older
What is the name of small white pearls along th emidline of the palate?
Epstein pearls
What are cysts of the gums or floor of mouth known as?
Gums = epulis
Floor of mouth = ranula
In which gender can neonatal breast enlargement occur and what may it be associated with?
both genders
small amount of milk may be discharged
What may be asociated with white vaginal discharge or a small withdrawal bleed in female neonates?
prolapse of a ring of vaginal mucosa
What is another name for ‘stork bites’ in the neonate?
capillary haemangioma
Where do capillary haemagiomas arise and what is the cause?
- pink macules on upper eyelids, midforehead, nape of neck
- distension of dermal capillaries
What is the prognosis for capillary haemangiomas on the 1. eyelides 2 neck?
- fade over first year
- become covered with hair
What is the technical name for neonatal urticaria?
erythema toxicum
When does erythema toxicum typically appear?
2-3 days of age
What is the appearance of erythema toxicum?
white pinpoint papules at the centre of an erythematous base
What is contained in the fluid in the papules of neonatal urticaria (erythema toxicum)?
eosinophils
Where are lesions located in neonatal urticaria (erythema toxicum)?
on the trunk, but come and go at different sites
What are milia and where do they occur?
white pimples on the nose and cheeks
What is the cause of milia?
retention of keratin and sebaceous material in the pilosebaceous follicles
What are mongolian blue spots?
blue/black macular discolouration
Where do mongolian blue spots typically occur?
base of spine and buttocks; occasionally on legs and other parts of body
In which ethnicities are Mongolian blue spots more common?
Afro-Caribbean or Asian infants
What is the prognosis of Mongolian blue spots?
fade slowly over first few years
When is the only time mongolian blue spots are of significance?
if misdiagnosed as bruises
In which ethnicity is umbilical hernia in the infant more common?
Afro-Caribbean infants
What is the management of umbilical hernis in infants?
usually resolve within first 2-3 years
What is positional talipes?
feet remain in their in utero position
How does positional talipes differ from talipes equinovarus?
in positional talipes, foot can be fully dorsiflexed to touch the front of the lower leg, not possible in true talipes equinovarus
What are 3 examples of head deformities that resolve on their own following delivery?
- Caput succedaneum
- Cephalhaematoma
- Chignon
What is caput succadeneum?
bruising and oedema of presenting part extending beyond the margins of the skull bones (crosses sutures), resolves in a few days
What is a cephalhaematoma?
haematoma from bleeding below the periosteum, confined within the margins of skull sutures. centre feels soft
Which bone is usually invovled in cephalhaematoma?
parietal bone
How long does it take caput succedaneum vs cephalhaematoma to resolve?
caput succedaneum - few days
cephalhaematoma - several weeks
What is a chignon?
oedema and bruising from ventouse delivery
