Minor Antenatal Problems Flashcards
How common is constipation in pregnancy? Does it increase or decrease as it progresses?
Common but decreases as pregnancy advances, 1st trimester = 39% vs 20% in 3rd
What are some causes of constipation in pregnancy? (3)
1) Pressure of uterus on rectum
2) Iron tablets given to treat anaemia in pregnancy
3) Progesterone slows transmit of food through GI tract
How common is reflux in pregnancy? Does it increase or decrease as pregnancy advances?
70% of pregnancies
Increases as pregnancy advances
What causes reflux in pregnancy?
Progesterone causes relaxation of oesophageal sphincter and there is increased pressure on distal oesophagus from gravid uterus = increased incidence of reflux oesophagitis
List two risk factors for reflux in pregnancy
- Polyhydramnios = excuss amniotic fluid in the uterus
- Multiple pregnancy
What must be excluded when investigating reflux in pregnancy?
Pre-eclampsia (can present with epigastric pain)
What is the treatment of reflux in pregnancy?
- Lifestyle eg small meals, sit up after meals, avoid spicy meals etc
- Alginate preparations eg gaviscon
- Ranitidine (H2 blocker) in severe cases
What is obstetric cholestasis?
= Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
- Abnormal LFTs (mainly elevated ALT and AST)
- Intense pruritus in absence of skin rash
How does obstetric cholestasis present?
- Usually 3rd trimester
- Intense pruritus esp palms of hands and soles of feet
- Worse at night
- Signs of severe cholestasis eg pale stool, dark urine, jaundice
- Itching can precede abnormal LFTs by days / weeks
NB itching is common in pregnancy (only a minority will have obstetric cholestasis)
What are some risks associated with obstetric cholestasis?
- Inc risk of fetal distress (partly due to inc likelihood of meconium passage) and intrauterine death
- Preterm birth
- Maternal morbidity due to increased itching and lack of sleep
What are some risk factors of obstetric cholestasis?
- PMH / FH of obstetric cholestasis
- Multiple pregnancy
- Gallstones
- Hep C
What investigations are done for obstetric cholestasis?
- LFTs
- Bile acids
- 1/2 times a week
Rule out other causes of liver disfunction eg EBV, CMV, medications
What is the treatment of obstetric cholestasis?
No cure
- Topical creams to reduce itching
- Urso (ursodeoxycholic acid) to reduce bile acids in blood and improve LFTs
- Should resolve after delivery
What is symphysis pubis dysfunction?
A collection of signs and symptoms causing pain in public and sacroiliac joints
- Usually mild but can cause debilitating pain
What is the management of symphysis pubis dysfunction?
- Physiotherapy
- Corsets
- Analgesics
- Crutches if severe
- Usually cured after delivery
- CS not indicated
NB care with leg abduction