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Pharmacy Topics > Minor ailments - GI and respiratoru > Flashcards

Minor ailments - GI and respiratoru Flashcards

1
Q

Psyllium

A

Bulk Forming laxative

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2
Q

Sterculia

A

Bulk Forming laxative

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3
Q

Lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative

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4
Q

Sorbitol

A

Osmotic laxative

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5
Q

Macrogol 3350

A

Osmotic laxative

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6
Q

Magnesium salts

A

Osmotic laxative

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7
Q

Senna

A

Stimulant laxative

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8
Q

Bisacodyl

A

Stimulant laxative

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9
Q

Sodium picosulfate

A

Stimulant laxative

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10
Q

Docusate

A

Stool softener laxative

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11
Q

Poloxamer

A

Stool softener laxative

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12
Q

Liquid paraffin

A

Stool softener - not recommended

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13
Q

Mebendazole

A

antihelminthic (>2 y.o., NO pregnancy)

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14
Q

Pyrantel

A

antihelminthic (>12 m.o., OK pregnancy)

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15
Q

Lidocaine

A

Local anaesthetic for haemorrhoids

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16
Q

Lignocaine

A

Local anaesthetic for haemorrhoids

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17
Q

Cinchocaine

A

Local anaesthetic for haemorrhoids

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18
Q

Zinc

A

Astringent in ointment for haemorrhoids

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19
Q

Aluminium

A

Astringent in ointment for haemorrhoids

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20
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Topical corticosteroid for haemorrhoids

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21
Q

Shark oil

A

Protectant for haemorrhoids - no evidence

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22
Q

Chlorhexidine

A

Antiseptic used for haemorrhoids - no evidence of usefulness

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23
Q

List 3 bulk forming laxatives

A

Ispaghula, psyllium, sterculia

24
Q

List 4 osmotic laxatives

A

Lactulose, sorbitol, macrogol 3350, magnesium salts

25
Q

List 3 stimulant laxatives

A

senna, bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate

26
Q

List 2 stool softeners

A

docusate, poloxamer

27
Q

What percentage body weight is lost in mild to moderate dehydration

28
Q

List 6 clinical signs of mild to moderate dehydration

A

Capillary refill >2 s, skin recoil <2 s, increased respiratory rate, irritability, mildly sunken eyes, reduced urine output

29
Q

What percentage body weight is lost in severe dehydration?

30
Q

List 6 clinical signs of severe dehydration

A

Capillary refill >3 s, skin recoil >2 s, increased respiratory rate and deep respiration, lethargy, deeply sunken eyes, minimal or absent urine output

31
Q

What symptoms indicate bacterial gastro?

A

Blood and mucus in stool, fever and chills

32
Q

What are 4 less common causes of sore throat and their distinct features

A

Scarlet fever (5-15 yo, fever>38.5, rash), Epstein-Barr virus (severe sore throat, fatigue, nausea, enlarged lymph nodes)
Hand, foot and mouth (mucosal ulcers around mouth and throat, rash and skin lesions, loss of appetite)
Herpes (fever, mouth and lip blisters, poor appetite)

33
Q

What simple analgesics can be used for a sore throat?

A

Paracetamol, ibuprofen, aspirin (>16yo)

34
Q

What local anaesthetics can be used in sore throat?

A

lidocaine, benzocaine

35
Q

What local anti-inflammatory agents can be used in a sore throat?

A

Benzydamine, flurbiprofen

36
Q

What antibacterial agents are used in sore throat?

A

Chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride

37
Q

What is the active ingredient in Betadine?

A

Povidone iodine

38
Q

What 2 oral decongestants are used in cold?

A

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

39
Q

What nasal decongestants are used in cold?

A

Oxymetazoline, Xylometazoline, Phenylephrine, Tramazoline

40
Q

What sedating antihistamines are used for nasal congestion in colds?

A

Promethazine, chlorpheniramine

41
Q

Give 3 examples of antitussives

A

Pholcodine, dextromethorphan, dihydrocodeine

42
Q

Which antitussive should not be used in combo with serotonergic medicines?

A

Dextromethorphan

43
Q

Which conditions should antitussives not be used in?

A

Asthma, COPD

44
Q

Which expectorant has most evidence?

A

Guaifenesin

45
Q

Give an example of a mucolytic

A

Bromhexine

46
Q

What condition should bromhexine not be used in?

A

Chronic bronchitis, COPD

47
Q

Give example of a CAM demulcent?

48
Q

Give an example of an illogical cough medicine combo

A

Antitussive and expectorant (dihydrocodeine and Guaifenesin)

49
Q

What is the first line therapy for moderate to severe allergic rhinitis?

A

Intranasal corticosteroids

50
Q

Give examples of intranasal corticosteroids

A

beclomethasone, mometasone, fluticasone, budesonide, triamcinolone

51
Q

What is the first line treatment for mild intermittent allergic rhinitis?

A

Second generation oral antihistamines

52
Q

Give examples of second generation oral antihistamines

A

Fexofenadine, cetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, levocetirizine

53
Q

Give examples of nasal antihistamines

A

azelastine, levocabastine

54
Q

What muscarinic antagonist can be used intranasally to treat rhinorrhoea?

A

ipratropium

55
Q

What mast cell stabiliser can be used prophylactically for allergic rhinitis?

A

cromoglycate

Pharmacy Topics (2 decks)

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