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The Pharmacist Year 3 > Minor ailments > Flashcards

Minor ailments Flashcards

1
Q

What are the danger eliminations for mouth ulcers?

A 
Duration >3 weeks
ADRs (NSAIDs)
Failed treatment
Ulcers bigger than 1cm
More than 5 ulcers
Painless ulcer 
Recurrent ulcer
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2
Q

What is the timescale for referral for a mouth ulcer?

A

1 week

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3
Q

What are the danger eliminations for oral thrush?

A 
ADRs
Recurrent
Diabetes
Painless lesions 
Failed meds
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4
Q

What is the timescale for referral for oral thrush?

A

1 week

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5
Q

What are the treatment options for mouth ulcers?

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate
Lidocaine
Choline salicylate

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6
Q

What is the treatment option for oral thrush?

A

Miconazole

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7
Q

What are the danger eliminations for dyspepsia?

A 
Regurgitation 
Weight loss
>5 days 
Pain radiating to arm
Blood in stools/vomit
>45yrs, first time 
Long duration
Difficulty swallowing
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8
Q

What is the timescale for referral for dyspepsia?

A

1 week

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9
Q

What are the treatment options for indigestion?

A

H2 antagonists

Antacids

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10
Q

What are the treatment options for heartburn?

A

Antacids
Alginates
H2 antagonists
PPI

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11
Q

What are the danger eliminations for N+V?

A

> 48h
<2yrs
Blood in vomit

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12
Q

What is the timescale for referral for N+V?

A

1 day children

2 days adults

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13
Q

What is the treatment option for N+V?

A

Diaoralyte

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14
Q

What are the danger eliminations for motion sickness?

A

Glaucoma

Failed meds

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15
Q

What are the treatment options for motion sickness?

A

Cinnarizine
Promethazine
Hyoscine

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16
Q

What are the danger eliminations for constipation?

A

Change in bowel habit >2 weeks
Blood in stools
Failed meds
ADR

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17
Q

What is the timescale for referral for constipation?

A

1 week

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18
Q

What are the treatment options for constipation?

A

Stimulant laxative: sennosides
Bulking laxative: isphagula
Osmotic laxatives: lactulose

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19
Q

What are the danger eliminations for diarrhoea?

A 
>1 day in <1yr
>2 days in <3yrs
>3 days in adults
Blood in stools
Recent travel abroad
Pregnancy
ADRs
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20
Q

What is the timescale for referral for diarrhoea?

A

1 day child

2 days adults

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21
Q

What are the treatment options for diarrhoea?

A

Diaoralyte

Loperamide

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22
Q

What are the danger eliminations for threadworms?

A

Signs of infection
Recent travel abroad
Failed meds

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23
Q

In which conditions are the whole family treated?

A

Threadworms
Scabies
Head lice

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24
Q

What is the timescale for referral for threadworms?

A

2-3 weeks

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25
Q

What is the treatment option for threadworms?

A

Mebendazole

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26
Q

What are the danger eliminations for IBS?

A 
<16yrs
Weight loss
Blood in stools
Failed meds
No previous history
N+V
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27
Q

What is the timescale for referral for IBS?

A

1 week

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28
Q

What are the treatment options for IBS?

A

Hyoscine
Peppermint oil
Laxatives - if constipated
Loperamide - if diarrhoea

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29
Q

What are the danger eliminations for haemorrhoids?

A

Blood in stools
Persistent changes in bowel habits
>3 weeks
ADRs

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30
Q

What is the timescale for referral for haemorrhoids?

A

1 week

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31
Q

What are the treatment options for heamorrhoids?

A

Zinc oxide

Lidocaine

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32
Q

What are the danger eliminations for cold and flu?

A

Persisting fever

Difficulty breathing/wheezing

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33
Q

What is the timescale for referral for cold and flu?

A

10-14 days

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34
Q

What are the treatment options for cold and flu?

A

Phenylephrine
Pseudoephidrine
Vaporub

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35
Q

What are the danger eliminations for sore throat?

A 
Difficulty swallowing
White spots on tongue
Hoarseness
Long duration 
Recurrent
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36
Q

What is the timescale for referral for sore throat?

A

1 week

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37
Q

What are the danger eliminations for coughs?

A 
Blood in phlegm 
Long duration 
ADRs
Whooping cough
Nocturnal cough in children 
Difficulty breathing
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38
Q

What is the timescale for referral for coughs?

A

2 weeks

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39
Q

What are the danger eliminations for seasonal rhinitis?

A

Difficulty breathing
Tightness of chest
Failed meds

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40
Q

What is the timescale for referral for seasonal rhinitis?

A

5 days

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41
Q

What are the treatment options for coughs?

A

pholcodeine
guaifenesin
simple linctus

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42
Q

What are the treatment options for seasonal rhinitis?

A

Citirizine
Loratidine
Chlorphenamine

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43
Q

What are the danger eliminations for backache?

A

Severe pain
Failed meds
Pins and needles in leg
Middle/upper back pain

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44
Q

What is the timescale for referral for backache?

A

5 days

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45
Q

What are the treatment options for backache?

A

ibuprofen gel

deep heat

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46
Q

What are the danger eliminations for tension headaches/migraine?

A 
Severe >4h 
<12yrs
Neck stiffness
Head injury/trauma 
Frequently recurring
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47
Q

What is the timescale for referral for headaches?

A

1 day

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48
Q

What are the treatment options for headache/migraine?

A

Paracetamol
Ibuprofen
Aspirin
Sumatriptan 50mg (migraine)

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49
Q

What are the danger eliminations for sprains and strains?

A

Suspected fracture
Failed med
ADRs -> falls

50
Q

What is the timescale for referral for sprains and strains?

A

5 days

51
Q

What are the treatment options for sprains and strains?

A

Ibuprofen gel, diclofenac gel

52
Q

What are the danger eliminations for vaginal thrush?

A 
<16, >60
Pregnancy
Recurrent infection
Strong smelling discharge
Diabetics
Failed med
2 episodes in last 6 months
53
Q

What is the timescale for referral for vaginal thrush?

A

1 week

54
Q

What are the treatment options for vaginal thrush?

A

Clotrimazole

55
Q

What are the danger eliminations for cystitis?

A 
Pregnancy
Men and children
Loin tenderness
Recurrent 
Failed meds
Fever
Blood in urine
56
Q

What is the timescale for referral for cystitis?

A

2 days

57
Q

What are the treatment options for cystitis?

A

potassium citrate

sodium citrate

58
Q

What are the danger eliminations for dysmenorrhoea?

A

Severe intermenstrual pain
Abnormal bleeding
Presence of fever
Failed meds

59
Q

What is the timescale for referral for dysmenorrhoea?

A

2 menstrual cycles

60
Q

What are the treatment options for dysmenorrhoea?

A

Feminax (ibuprofen)

61
Q

What are the danger eliminations for insomnia?

A

Suspected depression
<16yrs
Failed meds
>3 weeks

62
Q

What is the timescale for referral for insomnia?

A

1 week

63
Q

What are the treatment options for insomnia?

A

Diphenhydramine

Valerian extract

64
Q

Which herbal remedies are used in nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?

A

Ginger

Chamomile

65
Q

What is echinacea used for?

A

Common colds

66
Q

What is ginseng used for?

A

Cognition

67
Q

What is ginko used for?

A

Cognition

68
Q

What is garlic used for?

A

Common cold

Atherosclerosis

69
Q

What is saw palmetto used for?

A

Urinary flow

70
Q

What is valerian extract used for?

A

Anxiety disorders

71
Q

Which herbal remedy is used for dysmenorrhoea?

A

ginger

72
Q

What are the two active ingredients in St Johns Wort?

A

Hypericin

Hyperforin

73
Q

How are bach flower remedies prepared?

A

Flowers floating on spring water and exposed to sunlight
Diluted with 50% brandy
Further diluted with brandy and water

74
Q

Which remedies are used for the seven negative states of the mind?

A

Bach flower remedies

75
Q

What are the danger eliminations for contact dermatitis/eczema?

A

Broken skin

Signs of infection

76
Q

What is the timescale for referral for contact dermatitis/eczema?

A

1 week

77
Q

What are the treatment options for contact dermatitis/eczema?

A

Hydrocortisone

E45

78
Q

What are the danger eliminations for acne?

A

Severe

Failed meds

79
Q

What is the timescale for referral for acne?

A

8 weeks

80
Q

What is the treatment option for acne?

A

Benzoyl peroxide

81
Q

What are the danger eliminations for athlete’s foot?

A

Diabetes
Signs of infection
Spread to other parts e.g. toenails
Signs of infection

82
Q

What is the timescale for referral for athlete’s foot?

A

2 weeks

83
Q

What are the treatment options for athlete’s foot?

A

Miconazole

Terbinafine

84
Q

What are the danger eliminations for warts and verrucae?

A

Diabetes
Genital and facial warts
Bleeding/itching
Change in appearance

85
Q

What is the timescale for referral for warts and verrucae?

A

12 weeks

86
Q

What is the treatment option for warts and verrucae?

A

Salicylic acid

87
Q

What are the danger eliminations for psoriasis?

A

Undiagnosed psoriasis

88
Q

What is the timescale for referral for psoriasis?

A

1 week

89
Q

What is the treatment option of psoriasis?

A

Coal tar

90
Q

What are the danger eliminations for cold sores?

A 
Painless sore
Babies and children
History of frequent sores
Signs of bacterial infection
Atopic eczema
Eye affected
91
Q

What is the treatment timescale for cold cold sores?

A

2 weeks

92
Q

What is the treatment option for cold sores?

A

Acyclovir

93
Q

What are the danger eliminations for scabies?

A

Signs of bacterial infection
Babies and children
Failed meds

94
Q

What is the timescale for referral for scabies?

A

2 weeks

95
Q

What are the treatment options for scabies?

A

Permethrin

Malathion

96
Q

What are the danger eliminations for dandruff?

A

Suspected psoriasis
Signs of infection
Failed meds

97
Q

What is the timescale for referral for dandruff?

A

12 weeks

98
Q

What are the treatment options for dandruff?

A

Ketoconazole 2% shampoo

Selenium sulphide

99
Q

What are the danger eliminations for hair loss?

A

Patchy, sudden hair loss
Suspected anaemia
Suspected hypothyroidism
ADRs

100
Q

What is the timescale for referral for hair loss?

A

6-12 months

101
Q

What is the treatment option for hair loss?

A

Minoxidil

102
Q

What are the danger eliminations for nappy rash?

A

Spread to other areas of the body
Signs of bacterial infection
Med failure

103
Q

What is the timescale for referral for nappy rash?

A

1 week

104
Q

What are the treatment options for nappy rash?

A

Miconazole

Clotrimazole

105
Q

What are the danger eliminations for conjunctivitis?

A

Pain
Recent eye surgery
Visual disturbance
<2yrs

106
Q

What is the timescale for referral for conjunctivitis?

A

5 days

107
Q

What are the treatment options for conjunctivitis?

A

Infective - chloramphenicol

Allergic - sodium cromoglicate

108
Q

What are the danger eliminations for common ear problems?

A

Signs of infection
Perforated ear drum
Pain

109
Q

What is the timescale for referral for common ear problems?

A

1-2 weeks

110
Q

What are the treatment options for common ear problems?

A

Ear drops - olive oil

111
Q

What are the danger eliminations for colic?

A

Suspected lactose intolerance
Infant failing to gain weight/losing weight
Failed meds

112
Q

What is the timescale for referral for colic?

A

1 week

113
Q

What is the treatment option for colic?

A

Activated dimeticone

114
Q

What are the danger eliminations for head lice?

A

Failed meds

Bacterial infection from scratching

115
Q

What is the timescale for referral for head lice?

A

2 weeks

116
Q

What are the treatment options for head lice?

A

Malathion

Permethrin

117
Q

What are the danger eliminations for common childhood rashes?

A 
Flu-like symptoms
Suspected meningitis
Fever
vomiting
headache
neck stiffness 
Rash that does not blanch on pressing with glass
118
Q

What is the most virulent species of plasmodium for malaria?

A

P.falciparum

119
Q

What are the 5 malaria plasmodium species?

A 
P. ovale
P. falciparum
P. vivax
P. malariae
P. knowlesi
120
Q

Presenting symptoms of Mouth Ulcers

A
  • Dry throat
  • Cold symptoms
  • White/yellow/red/grey
  • Painful swelling

Resolve within 1-2 weeks

The Pharmacist Year 3 (5 decks)

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