Minor ailments Flashcards
1
Q
What are the danger eliminations for mouth ulcers?
A
Duration >3 weeks ADRs (NSAIDs) Failed treatment Ulcers bigger than 1cm More than 5 ulcers Painless ulcer Recurrent ulcer
2
Q
What is the timescale for referral for a mouth ulcer?
A
1 week
3
Q
What are the danger eliminations for oral thrush?
A
ADRs Recurrent Diabetes Painless lesions Failed meds
4
Q
What is the timescale for referral for oral thrush?
A
1 week
5
Q
What are the treatment options for mouth ulcers?
A
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Lidocaine
Choline salicylate
6
Q
What is the treatment option for oral thrush?
A
Miconazole
7
Q
What are the danger eliminations for dyspepsia?
A
Regurgitation Weight loss >5 days Pain radiating to arm Blood in stools/vomit >45yrs, first time Long duration Difficulty swallowing
8
Q
What is the timescale for referral for dyspepsia?
A
1 week
9
Q
What are the treatment options for indigestion?
A
H2 antagonists
Antacids
10
Q
What are the treatment options for heartburn?
A
Antacids
Alginates
H2 antagonists
PPI
11
Q
What are the danger eliminations for N+V?
A
> 48h
<2yrs
Blood in vomit
12
Q
What is the timescale for referral for N+V?
A
1 day children
2 days adults
13
Q
What is the treatment option for N+V?
A
Diaoralyte
14
Q
What are the danger eliminations for motion sickness?
A
Glaucoma
Failed meds
15
Q
What are the treatment options for motion sickness?
A
Cinnarizine
Promethazine
Hyoscine
16
Q
What are the danger eliminations for constipation?
A
Change in bowel habit >2 weeks
Blood in stools
Failed meds
ADR
17
Q
What is the timescale for referral for constipation?
A
1 week
18
Q
What are the treatment options for constipation?
A
Stimulant laxative: sennosides
Bulking laxative: isphagula
Osmotic laxatives: lactulose
19
Q
What are the danger eliminations for diarrhoea?
A
>1 day in <1yr >2 days in <3yrs >3 days in adults Blood in stools Recent travel abroad Pregnancy ADRs
20
Q
What is the timescale for referral for diarrhoea?
A
1 day child
2 days adults
21
Q
What are the treatment options for diarrhoea?
A
Diaoralyte
Loperamide
22
Q
What are the danger eliminations for threadworms?
A
Signs of infection
Recent travel abroad
Failed meds
23
Q
In which conditions are the whole family treated?
A
Threadworms
Scabies
Head lice
24
Q
What is the timescale for referral for threadworms?
A
2-3 weeks
25
What is the treatment option for threadworms?
Mebendazole
26
What are the danger eliminations for IBS?
```
<16yrs
Weight loss
Blood in stools
Failed meds
No previous history
N+V
```
27
What is the timescale for referral for IBS?
1 week
28
What are the treatment options for IBS?
Hyoscine
Peppermint oil
Laxatives - if constipated
Loperamide - if diarrhoea
29
What are the danger eliminations for haemorrhoids?
Blood in stools
Persistent changes in bowel habits
>3 weeks
ADRs
30
What is the timescale for referral for haemorrhoids?
1 week
31
What are the treatment options for heamorrhoids?
Zinc oxide
| Lidocaine
32
What are the danger eliminations for cold and flu?
Persisting fever
| Difficulty breathing/wheezing
33
What is the timescale for referral for cold and flu?
10-14 days
34
What are the treatment options for cold and flu?
Phenylephrine
Pseudoephidrine
Vaporub
35
What are the danger eliminations for sore throat?
```
Difficulty swallowing
White spots on tongue
Hoarseness
Long duration
Recurrent
```
36
What is the timescale for referral for sore throat?
1 week
37
What are the danger eliminations for coughs?
```
Blood in phlegm
Long duration
ADRs
Whooping cough
Nocturnal cough in children
Difficulty breathing
```
38
What is the timescale for referral for coughs?
2 weeks
39
What are the danger eliminations for seasonal rhinitis?
Difficulty breathing
Tightness of chest
Failed meds
40
What is the timescale for referral for seasonal rhinitis?
5 days
41
What are the treatment options for coughs?
pholcodeine
guaifenesin
simple linctus
42
What are the treatment options for seasonal rhinitis?
Citirizine
Loratidine
Chlorphenamine
43
What are the danger eliminations for backache?
Severe pain
Failed meds
Pins and needles in leg
Middle/upper back pain
44
What is the timescale for referral for backache?
5 days
45
What are the treatment options for backache?
ibuprofen gel
| deep heat
46
What are the danger eliminations for tension headaches/migraine?
```
Severe >4h
<12yrs
Neck stiffness
Head injury/trauma
Frequently recurring
```
47
What is the timescale for referral for headaches?
1 day
48
What are the treatment options for headache/migraine?
Paracetamol
Ibuprofen
Aspirin
Sumatriptan 50mg (migraine)
49
What are the danger eliminations for sprains and strains?
Suspected fracture
Failed med
ADRs -> falls
50
What is the timescale for referral for sprains and strains?
5 days
51
What are the treatment options for sprains and strains?
Ibuprofen gel, diclofenac gel
52
What are the danger eliminations for vaginal thrush?
```
<16, >60
Pregnancy
Recurrent infection
Strong smelling discharge
Diabetics
Failed med
2 episodes in last 6 months
```
53
What is the timescale for referral for vaginal thrush?
1 week
54
What are the treatment options for vaginal thrush?
Clotrimazole
55
What are the danger eliminations for cystitis?
```
Pregnancy
Men and children
Loin tenderness
Recurrent
Failed meds
Fever
Blood in urine
```
56
What is the timescale for referral for cystitis?
2 days
57
What are the treatment options for cystitis?
potassium citrate
| sodium citrate
58
What are the danger eliminations for dysmenorrhoea?
Severe intermenstrual pain
Abnormal bleeding
Presence of fever
Failed meds
59
What is the timescale for referral for dysmenorrhoea?
2 menstrual cycles
60
What are the treatment options for dysmenorrhoea?
Feminax (ibuprofen)
61
What are the danger eliminations for insomnia?
Suspected depression
<16yrs
Failed meds
>3 weeks
62
What is the timescale for referral for insomnia?
1 week
63
What are the treatment options for insomnia?
Diphenhydramine
| Valerian extract
64
Which herbal remedies are used in nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?
Ginger
| Chamomile
65
What is echinacea used for?
Common colds
66
What is ginseng used for?
Cognition
67
What is ginko used for?
Cognition
68
What is garlic used for?
Common cold
| Atherosclerosis
69
What is saw palmetto used for?
Urinary flow
70
What is valerian extract used for?
Anxiety disorders
71
Which herbal remedy is used for dysmenorrhoea?
ginger
72
What are the two active ingredients in St Johns Wort?
Hypericin
| Hyperforin
73
How are bach flower remedies prepared?
Flowers floating on spring water and exposed to sunlight
Diluted with 50% brandy
Further diluted with brandy and water
74
Which remedies are used for the seven negative states of the mind?
Bach flower remedies
75
What are the danger eliminations for contact dermatitis/eczema?
Broken skin
| Signs of infection
76
What is the timescale for referral for contact dermatitis/eczema?
1 week
77
What are the treatment options for contact dermatitis/eczema?
Hydrocortisone
| E45
78
What are the danger eliminations for acne?
Severe
| Failed meds
79
What is the timescale for referral for acne?
8 weeks
80
What is the treatment option for acne?
Benzoyl peroxide
81
What are the danger eliminations for athlete's foot?
Diabetes
Signs of infection
Spread to other parts e.g. toenails
Signs of infection
82
What is the timescale for referral for athlete's foot?
2 weeks
83
What are the treatment options for athlete's foot?
Miconazole
| Terbinafine
84
What are the danger eliminations for warts and verrucae?
Diabetes
Genital and facial warts
Bleeding/itching
Change in appearance
85
What is the timescale for referral for warts and verrucae?
12 weeks
86
What is the treatment option for warts and verrucae?
Salicylic acid
87
What are the danger eliminations for psoriasis?
Undiagnosed psoriasis
88
What is the timescale for referral for psoriasis?
1 week
89
What is the treatment option of psoriasis?
Coal tar
90
What are the danger eliminations for cold sores?
```
Painless sore
Babies and children
History of frequent sores
Signs of bacterial infection
Atopic eczema
Eye affected
```
91
What is the treatment timescale for cold cold sores?
2 weeks
92
What is the treatment option for cold sores?
Acyclovir
93
What are the danger eliminations for scabies?
Signs of bacterial infection
Babies and children
Failed meds
94
What is the timescale for referral for scabies?
2 weeks
95
What are the treatment options for scabies?
Permethrin
| Malathion
96
What are the danger eliminations for dandruff?
Suspected psoriasis
Signs of infection
Failed meds
97
What is the timescale for referral for dandruff?
12 weeks
98
What are the treatment options for dandruff?
Ketoconazole 2% shampoo
| Selenium sulphide
99
What are the danger eliminations for hair loss?
Patchy, sudden hair loss
Suspected anaemia
Suspected hypothyroidism
ADRs
100
What is the timescale for referral for hair loss?
6-12 months
101
What is the treatment option for hair loss?
Minoxidil
102
What are the danger eliminations for nappy rash?
Spread to other areas of the body
Signs of bacterial infection
Med failure
103
What is the timescale for referral for nappy rash?
1 week
104
What are the treatment options for nappy rash?
Miconazole
| Clotrimazole
105
What are the danger eliminations for conjunctivitis?
Pain
Recent eye surgery
Visual disturbance
<2yrs
106
What is the timescale for referral for conjunctivitis?
5 days
107
What are the treatment options for conjunctivitis?
Infective - chloramphenicol
| Allergic - sodium cromoglicate
108
What are the danger eliminations for common ear problems?
Signs of infection
Perforated ear drum
Pain
109
What is the timescale for referral for common ear problems?
1-2 weeks
110
What are the treatment options for common ear problems?
Ear drops - olive oil
111
What are the danger eliminations for colic?
Suspected lactose intolerance
Infant failing to gain weight/losing weight
Failed meds
112
What is the timescale for referral for colic?
1 week
113
What is the treatment option for colic?
Activated dimeticone
114
What are the danger eliminations for head lice?
Failed meds
| Bacterial infection from scratching
115
What is the timescale for referral for head lice?
2 weeks
116
What are the treatment options for head lice?
Malathion
| Permethrin
117
What are the danger eliminations for common childhood rashes?
```
Flu-like symptoms
Suspected meningitis
Fever
vomiting
headache
neck stiffness
Rash that does not blanch on pressing with glass
```
118
What is the most virulent species of plasmodium for malaria?
P.falciparum
119
What are the 5 malaria plasmodium species?
```
P. ovale
P. falciparum
P. vivax
P. malariae
P. knowlesi
```
120
Presenting symptoms of Mouth Ulcers
- Dry throat
- Cold symptoms
- White/yellow/red/grey
- Painful swelling
Resolve within 1-2 weeks
