Mining Methods Flashcards
are horizontal tunnels that are dug beneath the ore body
Haulage Tunnel
is an underground hard rock mining method that involves undermining beneath the ore body, allowing it to progressively collapse under its own weight
Block Caving
large rock tunnels directly below the undercut
Drawbells
an upward sloping tunnel in Block Caving
Raises
Block Caving
deposit thickness
depth
> 100ft or 30m
> 600m and <1200m
Equipments in Block Caving
Hydraulic Powered Percussion Jumbo
ANFO
LHD Unit
Converyor Belt
Block Caving can be used to extract (4)
Lamproite
Asbestos
Diamong-bearing kimberlite
Low grade Cu, Mo, Fe ore
Mining that uses Block Caving
Padcal Mine - Philex
195
Recovery Rate of Block Caving
90-125%
Sublevel Stoping are often referred as
Long Hole Stoping
Blast Hole Stoping
Sublevel Stoping
a. Deposit thickness
b. Dip
c. Depth
6-30m
>45-50 but preferrably 60-90 deg
<1.2km max 2.4
drilling pattern holes are drilled fanning out from the roof of the sublevel, applied to stoping in narrow stopes
Fan Drilling Pattern
drilling pattern where the holes are drilled all the way around the working level. Used in massive deposits as it allows for the holes to reach the sides of the deposits
Ring Drilling Pattern
drilling vertical holes in parallel lines. Preferable into narrow bodies
Parallel Drilling Pattern
Mine that practice Sublevel Stoping
Oceana Didipio Mine
Nagtipunan, Quirino
Porphyry Cu
Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company
Mankayan, benguet
Au, Cu, Ag
Mining methods practiced in
a. Oceana
b. Lepanto
a. Truck and Shovel
Loader Sub-level Stoping
Paste Backfill
b. Sub-level Stoping
Sub-level Caving
usually undertaken when mining the orebody througn an open pit is no longer economically viable
Sublevel Caving
configuration method in stopes where the ore is detonated by drilling a fan or parallel
Sublevel Stoping
used to mine large ore bodies with steep dip, massive and continuation at depth
Sublevel Caving
Equipments in Sublevel method
Drill Jumbo
hammer drill
LHD
Mines that practice Sublevel Caving
Kiruna Mine
Norbotten County, Lapland
4km long, 80km thick, 2km deep
Iron Ore
largest and most modern underground Fe ore mine in the world
a method of drilling which uses dual wall drill rods that consist of an outer drill rod with an inner tube that allow the drill cuttings to be transporter back to the surface
Reverse Circulation Drilling
Reverse Circulation Drilling
a. diameter
b. penetration
a. 24-50 in
b. 1km
samples from rc drilling are composed of broken up pieces of rock called
chips
size of chips in rc drilling
around 10mm
involves vertically drilling large-diameter holes into the orebody from the top, then blasting horizontal slices of the orebody into an undercut
VCR method
VCR Deposit
a. dip
b. width
a. >45 deg
b. <12-15m
Example of Mine that uses VCR
Subury Basin
Ni-Cu
Where was the VCR method first used
Levack Mine
Subury Basin Northern Range 1974
RC Holes Sampling and the sample mass
a. Bulk Sample (20kg)
b. Calico Bag Sample (2-3kg)
c. Representative Sample (1kg)
d. Rock Chips
is used for determining the composition of the drill material
XRF Analysis
Companies that uses RC Drilling
Agata Mining Ventures Inc.
-Agusan Del Norte
TVI Resources Development Inc.
-Mindanao and Panay
Carmen Copper Corp.
-Toledo, Cebu
is a soil penetration technique that strongly reduces friction on the drill string and drill but
Sonic Drilling
Sonic Drilling Procedure
Core barrel Advancement
Over Casing
Core Material
Repeat Process
Mining Company that uses Sonic Drilling
Richards Bay Minerals
-Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
method of drilling holes done with a helical screw driven rotationally into the ground
Auger Drilling
other terms for helical screw
Flighting
is commonly used to hydrate dry holes to improve penetration and help lift cuttings
Water
Auger Drilling
a. Depth limitation
b. Rotation Speed
c. Length of rods
20m
30rpm
1,5m or 3m
Types of Auger Drill
Hollow Stem Auger Drilling
Solid Flight or Bucket Augers
Deposit Suitability of Auger Drilling
Coal
Mining Company that uses Auger Drilling
Semirara Power and Mining Corp.
a method in which rock is not hammered by the drill unlike for percussive drilling
Rotary Drilling using Tricone Bit
Rotary Drilling
a. Rotation Rate
b. Air Velocity
50 to 90 rpm
30 to 45m/s
Two Important Parameters in Rotary Drilling
Feed Pressure
Rotational Feed
Mining Company that uses Rotary Drilling
Exploration Drilling Corp.
process of excavating any near-surface ore deposit by means of an excavation or cut made at the surface using horizontal benches
Open Pit Mining
benches that are 30 to hundreds of meters that is in process of being excavated
Working benches
are remnants of working benches retained for pit slope stability
Inactive Benches
are used to prevent cascading materials from interfering safety of active benches
Catch Benches
are located at the crest of benches to prevent equipment from backing over
Safety Bench or Windrows
are used to increased effectiveness of catch benches at containing bench scale rockfalls
Catch berm
provide route for haulage of ore and overburden from active excavation area to the pit rim and beyond
Haul Road
produces the largest material in open pit mining and does not generate revenue
Overburden Disposal
Two types of Overburden Disposal
Paddock Dumping or Bottom Up
End Dumping to top down
pushbacks or cut backs divided into conventional and sequential
Pit Expansion
world’s oldest, largest, and deepest open pit mine
Bingham Canyon Mine
discovered in 1848
opened in 1906
Salt Lake, City, Utah, US
Cu, Au, Ag, Mo
Open pit mines in PH
Panian Open Pit
-Semirara Island, Caluya, Antique
Kingking Mines Corp
-Pantukan, Davao del Norte
Carmen Copper Corp.
-Toledo, Cebu
Sagittarius Mines Inc.
-Tampakan, South Cotabato
TVI Resouce Development Phil Inc.
-Zamboanga del Norte
