Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 2 CS Mini Cases > Minicases > Flashcards

Minicases Flashcards

1
Q

Physical exam for headache

A

vital signs, inspection and palpation of the entire head; ENT inspection; complete neuro exam including fundascopic!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ddx for headache

A

Migraine, tension HA, cluster HA, pseduotumor cerbetri, sinusitis, intracranial neoplasm, meningitis, SAH, trigeminal neuralgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sx of cluster headache

A

unilateral and pain near the eye + rhinorrhea, eye tearing, redness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Workup of cluster headache

A

CBC, CT head, MRI brain, LP: CSF analysis, ESR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sx of migraine

A

Throbbing pain, aura (visual changes and weakness), nausea, vomiting, photo/phonophobia. Family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Workup of migraine

A

CBC, ESR, CT head, MRI brain, LP: CSF analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Right temporal headache, fever, blurry vision and pain in jaw

A

Temporal arteritis (giant cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Workup for Temporal arteritis

A

ESR, CBC, CRP, temporal artery biopsy, carotid doppler US, MRI brain, LP: CSF analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sx of sinusitis

A

Frontal headache, fever, nasal discharge, pain w palpation of the frontal and maxillary sinuses. History of allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Workup of sinusitis

A

CBC, Sinus XR, CT sinus, LP: CSF analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sx of Tension headache

A

Bilateral squeezing, happens at the end of the work day and several times per week, recent stress, decrease caffeine intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Workup of sinusitis

A

CBC, electrolytes, ESR, CT head, LP: CSF analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sx of SAH

A

Sudden severe HA, vomiting, confusion, left hemiplegia, nuchal rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Workup of SAH

A

Non contrast head CT, LP: CSF analysis, CBC, PT/PTT/INR, urine tox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sx of meningitis

A

High fever, severe HA, confusion, photophobia, nuchal rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sx of pseudo tumor cerebri

A

Obese female, pulsatile HA, vomiting, blurred vision, taking OCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Workup of pseudo tumor cerebri

A

Urine hCG, CBC, head CT, LP: opening pressure and CSF analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Confusion/memory loss: Key History

A

Get info from family, time course (acute vs. chronic/gradual), associated sx, impact n ADL, delirium, falls, medication, hx of stroke, alcohol use, family hx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Associated sx of confusion/memory loss

A

Incontinence, ataxia, hypothyroid symptoms, depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Physical exam: Confusion/memory loss

A

Vital signs, complete neuro exam including mini mental and gait, ENT, heart, lungs, abd and extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ddx of Confusion/memory loss

A

Alzheimer’s, Vascular (multi-infarct) dementia, normal pressure hydrocephalus, depression, B12 deficiency, neurosyphilis. hypothyroidism, Lewy bobdy dementia,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Workup for Confusion/memory loss

A

CBC, LDRL/RPR, Serum B12, TSH, Brain MRI, CT head, LP: CSF analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sx of vascular (multi-infarct) dementia

A

Progressive confusion over years + forgetfulness and clumsiness. Hx of HTN, DM, strokes (with worsening mental status = stepwise decline in cognitive function)

24
Q

Sx of normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

“Wet, wacky, wobbly” - urinary incontinence, gait disturbances, and memory loss

25
Q

History in Depressed Mood

A

Onset, duration, sleep pattern, appetite, weight changes, drug and alcohol use, life stresses, excessive guilt, suicidality, social function, decreased interest (anhedonia), decreased energy, decreased concentration, psychomotor agitation/retardation, family hx

26
Q

Physical exam for Depressed Mood

A

Vital signs, head and neck exam, neuro exam, mental status (appearance, behavior, speech, mood, affect, thought process, thought content, cognition, insight and judgement

27
Q

Workup for Depressed Mood

A

TSH, CBC, Urine tox, Beck depression inventory, blood alcohol level

28
Q

Key history in dizziness

A

Lightheadedness vs. vertigo, auditory sx (hearing loss, tinnitus), duration of sx, context (position, head trauma), associated sx (visual disturbance, URI, N/V), neck pain, meds

29
Q

Physical exam for Dizziness

A

Vital signs, neuro exam: Romberg, nystagmus, tilt test (Dix-Hallpike), gait, hearing, and Weber and Rinne, ENT, cardiovascular exam

30
Q

DDx for Dizziness

A

Meniere’s disease, benign positional vertigo, vestibular neuronitis, labyrinthitis, orthostatic hypotension

31
Q

Sx of Meniere’s disease

A

Intermittent episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, and hearing loss

32
Q

Sx of benign positional vertigo

A

Dizziness w head movement = room spinning, nausea, no hearing changes

33
Q

Sx of vestibular neuronitis

A

Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, past URI and no hearing loss

34
Q

Sx of Labyrinthitis

A

Dizziness and not hearing well, nausea, vomiting, past URI

35
Q

Workup of Dizziness

A

CBC, orthostatic vital signs, Dix-Hallpike, MRI brain, VDRL/RPR, electrolytes, audiogram

36
Q

Work up on Loss of Consciousness/Seizure

A

CBC, electrolytes, glucose, urine tox, EEG, MRI brain. CT head, LP: CSF analysis, ECG

37
Q

DDx for Loss of Consciousness

A

Seizure, orthostatic hypotension (syncope), cardiac arrhythmia

38
Q

DDx for Numbness/Weakness

A

TIA, stroke, seizure, Guillian-Barre, MS, Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

39
Q

History for Fatigue and Sleepiness

A

Duration, sleep hygiene, snoring, waking up choking/gasping, witnessed apnea, overexertion, stress, depression, lifestyle changes: work, diet, thyroid sx, bleeding or anemia, meds, alcohol, caffeine, drugs

40
Q

Fatigue and Sleepiness: Physical Exam

A

Vital signs, ENT exam (conjunctival pallor, oropharynx/palate, lymphadenopathy, thyroid exam); heart, lungs, and, neuro, and extremities (pallor, coolness at distal parts)

41
Q

DDx for Fatigue and Sleepiness

A

Depression, hypothyroid, anemia, OSA, diabetes, anemia/colon cancer,

42
Q

Work up for Fatigue and Sleepiness

A

CBC, TSH, Beck Depression Index, Occult blood testing, HA1C, glucose tolerance test

43
Q

History for Sore Throat

A

Duration, fever, ENT sx (ear pain, nasa or sinus congestion) odynophagia, swollen glands, cough, rash, sick contacts, HIV risk factors

44
Q

Sore Throat: Physical exam

A

Vital signs, ENT exam, lymphadenopathy, lung, abdominal (splenomegaly), skin exam

45
Q

DDx for Sore Throat

A

Pharyngitis (bacterial or viral), Infectious Mononucleosis, acute HIV retroviral syndrome

46
Q

Workup for Sore Throat

A

CBC with peripheral smear, throat swab for culture and rapid strep antigen, monospot test, HIV test

47
Q

History for Cough/Shortness of breath

A

Acute vs chronic, timing, presence/description of sputum, hemoptysis, associated sx (URI, postnasal drip, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pain, heart burn), exacerbating and alleviating factors, smoking, vomiting, allergies, meds (AECi)

48
Q

Physical exam for Cough/Shortness of breath

A

Vital signs, pulse ox, nasal mucosa, oropharynx, heart, lungs, lymph nodes, and extremities (clubbing, cyanosis, edema)

49
Q

DDx for Cough/Shortness of breath

A

Asthma, COPD, GERD, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, post nasal drip, postinfectious, Lung cancer, TB, CHF

50
Q

Workup for Cough/Shortness of breath

A

CBC, chest xray, sputum gram stain and culture, PFTs, peak flow measurement, PPD,

51
Q

Physical exam for Chest pain

A

Vital signs, BP in both arms, complete cardiovascular exam (JVD, PMI, chest wall tenderness, heart sounds, pulses, edema), lung, abdominal, lower extremities (DVT)

52
Q

DDx for Chest Pain

A

MI, GERD, Angina, Costochondritis, Aortic dissection, PE, pericarditis

53
Q

Workup for Chest pain

A

EKG, CPK-MB and troponins, chest xray, CBC, echo, cardiac cath, D-dimer, electrolytes, Barium swallow/upper endoscopy

54
Q

History for palpitations

A

Gradual vs. acute on/offset, context (exertion, caffeine, anxiety), lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, chest pain, dyspnea, fever, sweating, pale skin, flushing, diarrhea, hyperthyroid sxs, hx of heart disease, hypertension, dm

55
Q

Physical exam for palpitations

A

Vital signs, endocrine/thyroid exam: exophthalmos, lid retraction, lid lag, gland size, bruit and tremor, complete cardiovascular exam

56
Q

DDx for Palpitations

A

Hypoglycemia, cardiac arrhythmia, angina, hyperthyroidism, panic attack, substance use, mitral valve prolapse

57
Q

Workup for Palpitations

A

CBC, glucose, electrolytes, TSH, EKG, Holter monitor, urine tox, echo

Step 2 CS Mini Cases (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions