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Psychology > Mini Test Questions + Starter boxes > Flashcards

Mini Test Questions + Starter boxes Flashcards

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1
Q

(Biopsychology) Name three types of biological rhythm

A

Circadian, infradian, ultradian

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2
Q

(Biopsychology) Who resurfaced from a cave in mid-September 1962 believing it to be mid-August?

A

Michael Siffre (1962)

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3
Q

(Biopsychology) Who found that participants living in a WW2 bunker for 4 weeks had a circadian rhythm between 24-25 hours?

A

Aschoff & Wever (1976)

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4
Q

(Biopsychology) Who sped up a clock for a 22 hour day and found participants could not cope with the change?

A

Folkard (1985)

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5
Q

(Biopsychology) Who found that they could alter women’s menstrual cycles by rubbing the pheromones of another woman onto their top lip?

A

Stern & McClintock (1998)

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6
Q

(Biopsychology) What is the name for external factors that have an affect on biological rhythms?

A

Exogenous zeitgebers

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7
Q

(Biopsychology) What is the name for internal factors that have an affect on biological rhythms?

A

Endogenous pacemakers

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8
Q

(Biopsychology) What is the name of the nucleus in the hypothalamus responsible for maintaining circadian rhythms?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

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9
Q

(Biopsychology) Who found that they could alter sleep patterns of participants by shining lights on the backs of their knees?

A

Campbell & Murphy (1998)

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10
Q

(Biopsychology) What hormone is responsible for sleep and where is it secreted from?

A

Melatonin is secreted from the pineal gland

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11
Q

(Memory) Who created the Multi-Store Model of memory?

A

Atkinson & Shiffrin

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12
Q

(Memory) What are the two memory stores according to the Multi-Store Model of Memory?

A

Short term & Long term memory

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13
Q

(Memory) If something is encoded semantically, what does this mean?

A

The memory is stored as the meaning of the information.

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14
Q

(Memory) What is the duration, capacity & encoding of Short term memory?

A

Duration: 18 seconds (Peterson & Peterson)
Capacity: 7+/- 2 items (Millers. Jacobs)
Encoding: Acoustically (Baddeley)

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15
Q

(Memory) Which psychologist studied the duration of Long term memory?

A

Bahrick (1975) using photo recognition and free recall.

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16
Q

(Memory) What method was used by Jacobs to study the capacity of Short term memory?

A

Digit Span Test

17
Q

(Approaches) What method was used by Wundt?

A

Introspection

18
Q

(Approaches) Which approach is the most recent in psychology?

A

The Cognitive approach

19
Q

(Approaches) Name the 5 stages of psychosexual development.

A

Oral, anal, phallic, latent & genital.

20
Q

(Approaches) What are the two types of conditioning called?

A

Classical conditioning (learning through association)
Operant conditioning (learning through reinforcement)

21
Q

(Approaches) Who studied rats learning through consequences?

A

Skinner

22
Q

(Approaches) Who studies dogs learning through association?

A

Pavlov

23
Q

(Approaches) Name 3 defense mechanisms

A

Repression, denial, displacement

24
Q

(Approaches) What is vicarious reinforcement?

A

Learning through observation of a role model receiving consequence of an action.

25
Q

(Approaches) What is meant by identification?

A

Adopting behavior of a somebody that an individual identifies with or looks up to.

26
Q

(Approaches) What are the four mediational processes in social learning?

A

Attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation.

27
Q

(Approaches) What kind of processes do cognitive psychologists study?

A

Internal mental processes

28
Q

(Approaches) What is a schema?

A

Mental framework of beliefs or expectations based on experience.

29
Q

(Approaches) What is inference?

A

Making assumptions about unobservable processes based on evidence

30
Q

(Approaches) What is cognitive neuroscience?

A

Scientific study of biological structures that underpin cognitive processes

31
Q

(Approaches) What is a neurotransmitter?

A

A chemical impulse secreted by a neuron as a message to another neuron.

32
Q

(Approaches) What is evolution?

A

Theory that characteristics in a population change over successful generations to better suit their environment

33
Q

(Approaches) What is the difference between genotype & phenotype?

A

Genotype is the genetic code.
Phenotype is the expression of genes

34
Q

(Approaches) What is the difference between congruence and incongruence?

A

Congruence is when self image and ideal self greatly overlap.
Incongruence is when self image and ideal self overlap minimally or not at all

35
Q

(Approaches) What psychological barrier gets in the way of self-actualisation according to humanists?

A

Incongruence due to conditions of worth in childhood

36
Q

(Approaches) What type of therapy do humanists put forward?

A

Client-centered therapy

Psychology (2 decks)

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