Mini Test Questions + Starter boxes

Question 1

(Biopsychology) Name three types of biological rhythm

Answer 1

Circadian, infradian, ultradian

Question 2

(Biopsychology) Who resurfaced from a cave in mid-September 1962 believing it to be mid-August?

Answer 2

Michael Siffre (1962)

Question 3

(Biopsychology) Who found that participants living in a WW2 bunker for 4 weeks had a circadian rhythm between 24-25 hours?

Answer 3

Aschoff & Wever (1976)

Question 4

(Biopsychology) Who sped up a clock for a 22 hour day and found participants could not cope with the change?

Answer 4

Folkard (1985)

Question 5

(Biopsychology) Who found that they could alter women’s menstrual cycles by rubbing the pheromones of another woman onto their top lip?

Answer 5

Stern & McClintock (1998)

Question 6

(Biopsychology) What is the name for external factors that have an affect on biological rhythms?

Answer 6

Exogenous zeitgebers

Question 7

(Biopsychology) What is the name for internal factors that have an affect on biological rhythms?

Answer 7

Endogenous pacemakers

Question 8

(Biopsychology) What is the name of the nucleus in the hypothalamus responsible for maintaining circadian rhythms?

Answer 8

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 9

(Biopsychology) Who found that they could alter sleep patterns of participants by shining lights on the backs of their knees?

Answer 9

Campbell & Murphy (1998)

Question 10

(Biopsychology) What hormone is responsible for sleep and where is it secreted from?

Answer 10

Melatonin is secreted from the pineal gland

Question 11

(Memory) Who created the Multi-Store Model of memory?

Answer 11

Atkinson & Shiffrin

Question 12

(Memory) What are the two memory stores according to the Multi-Store Model of Memory?

Answer 12

Short term & Long term memory

Question 13

(Memory) If something is encoded semantically, what does this mean?

Answer 13

The memory is stored as the meaning of the information.

Question 14

(Memory) What is the duration, capacity & encoding of Short term memory?

Answer 14

Duration: 18 seconds (Peterson & Peterson)
Capacity: 7+/- 2 items (Millers. Jacobs)
Encoding: Acoustically (Baddeley)

Question 15

(Memory) Which psychologist studied the duration of Long term memory?

Answer 15

Bahrick (1975) using photo recognition and free recall.

Question 16

(Memory) What method was used by Jacobs to study the capacity of Short term memory?

Answer 16

Digit Span Test

Question 17

(Approaches) What method was used by Wundt?

Answer 17

Introspection

Question 18

(Approaches) Which approach is the most recent in psychology?

Answer 18

The Cognitive approach

Question 19

(Approaches) Name the 5 stages of psychosexual development.

Answer 19

Oral, anal, phallic, latent & genital.

Question 20

(Approaches) What are the two types of conditioning called?

Answer 20

Classical conditioning (learning through association)
Operant conditioning (learning through reinforcement)

Question 21

(Approaches) Who studied rats learning through consequences?

Answer 21

Skinner

Question 22

(Approaches) Who studies dogs learning through association?

Answer 22

Pavlov

Question 23

(Approaches) Name 3 defense mechanisms

Answer 23

Repression, denial, displacement

Question 24

(Approaches) What is vicarious reinforcement?

Answer 24

Learning through observation of a role model receiving consequence of an action.

Question 25

(Approaches) What is meant by identification?

Answer 25

Adopting behavior of a somebody that an individual identifies with or looks up to.

Question 26

(Approaches) What are the four mediational processes in social learning?

Answer 26

Attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation.

Question 27

(Approaches) What kind of processes do cognitive psychologists study?

Answer 27

Internal mental processes

Question 28

(Approaches) What is a schema?

Answer 28

Mental framework of beliefs or expectations based on experience.

Question 29

(Approaches) What is inference?

Answer 29

Making assumptions about unobservable processes based on evidence

Question 30

(Approaches) What is cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 30

Scientific study of biological structures that underpin cognitive processes

Question 31

(Approaches) What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 31

A chemical impulse secreted by a neuron as a message to another neuron.

Question 32

(Approaches) What is evolution?

Answer 32

Theory that characteristics in a population change over successful generations to better suit their environment

Question 33

(Approaches) What is the difference between genotype & phenotype?

Answer 33

Genotype is the genetic code. Phenotype is the expression of genes

Question 34

(Approaches) What is the difference between congruence and incongruence?

Answer 34

Congruence is when self image and ideal self greatly overlap. Incongruence is when self image and ideal self overlap minimally or not at all

Question 35

(Approaches) What psychological barrier gets in the way of self-actualisation according to humanists?

Answer 35

Incongruence due to conditions of worth in childhood

Question 36

(Approaches) What type of therapy do humanists put forward?

Answer 36

Client-centered therapy