Mini Exam 8

Question 1

What do we find in cave art?

Answer 1

32k years ago with clean sweeping lines, extremely detailed, field guide to animals in the region

Question 2

What is depicted in 28% of cave drawings?

Answer 2

28% depict animals being hunted

Question 3

What are the uses of cave drawings?

Answer 3

1. Talisman, provide luck for the hunt
2. Education, show how to trap and use weapons
3. Aesthetic value

Question 4

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 4

Art represents superior intelligence

Question 5

Barash says art is….

Answer 5

• Cross cultural
  color is used for decoration, sounds that constitute music, attention holding stories

Question 6

Charles Darwin

Answer 6

Art making is the most mysterious habit of life

Question 7

Art is…

Answer 7

Culturally and temporally bound

Question 8

Is there a biological nature of art?

Answer 8

Hardwired to produce some form of art that assumes the same form and evoke deep feelings

Question 9

What is another indicator of a biological root to art?

Answer 9

Develops early in life
Boredom Hypothesis
Social payoff

Question 10

Boredom Hypothesis?

Answer 10

Art, storytelling developed as result of boredom

Question 11

Social payoff?

Answer 11

• Music fosters social bonding, group cohesion
• facilitates work in group and solidarity

Question 12

What does Barash say of literature?

Answer 12

literature is often not believable
consistently depicts important human behavior patterns

Question 13

Evolutionary nature of art?

Answer 13

Artistic expression appears without special training

Question 14

Aiken’s questions

Answer 14

yes, then inherited and has purposes related to survival and well-being

Question 15

Ellen Dissayanake

Answer 15

1. universal in human societies
2. pre-industrial: enormous amounts of energy placed into art
3. Great source of pleasure
4. Children predisposed, singing, word play, inventing, music, mark-making
5. seen in ceremonial rituals

Question 16

Gustav Klimt

Answer 16

1945, colored paintings were lost and recently recreated in color through machine learning technology

Question 17

Romantic love

Answer 17

Worldwide phenomenon from formal marriage arrangement

Question 18

Marriage

Answer 18

Helen fisher 147/165 known cultures had a form of marriage

Question 19

what percentage of humans get married?

Answer 19

90%

Question 20

Polygamy

Answer 20

Although permitted in some cultures often not engaged in by men

Question 21

Why pair bonding?

Answer 21

1. may limit spread of STDs
2. allows enough time to raise children
3. commitment device to maintain bond between parents
4. Facilitates mutual investment in children

Question 22

Problems solved?

Answer 22

• Provisioning of food, shelter and protection
• Parental caring and socializing
• Sexual access

Question 23

Benefits of pair bonding

Answer 23

• probability of offspring survival
• increased infant health, low mortality rate
• better resources
• improved social competitiveness
• higher education levels
• increased SES
• later onset of puberty in girls

Question 24

Ideal Standards Model- Fletcher

Answer 24

There is an abstract concept of an ‘ideal mate’ after evaluation we compare the ‘ideal mate’ to the discrepancy between our individuals perceived charecteristics

Question 25

Partners are evaluated on the following:

Answer 25

1. Capacity for intimacy and commitment
2. Attractiveness and Health
3. Social status and Resources

Question 26

Large discrepancies=

Answer 26

Unsatisfactory relationship especially for females

Question 27

Small discrepancies=

Answer 27

Satisfactory relationship

Question 28

Ideal Standards Model info used for…

Answer 28

estimate/ evaluate qualities, explain feelings about partners, regulate and adjust relationship standards

Question 29

Fisher’s Model of Romantic Love

Answer 29

Three phases: Lust, Attraction, Attachment

Question 30

Fisher’s model: lust

Answer 30

Motivates individuals to seek sexual opportunities (related to brain levels of women: estrogen and men: androgen)

Question 31

Fisher’s model: Attraction

Answer 31

Individuals crave an emotional attachment and direct attention to specific people (Related to high dopamine, norepinephrine, low serotonin)

Question 32

Fisher’s model: Attachment

Answer 32

Maintenance of close proximity to partner, reward centers activated with thoughts of partners (women: oxytocin, men: vasopressin)

Question 33

Emotions in attachment phase…

Answer 33

Comfort, security, emotional dependency

Question 34

Caveats fisher’s model

Answer 34

• strong romantic love wanes after 4 years
• coincides with reduced parental involvement
• can be activated by multiple partners at a time

Question 35

Hendrick & Hendrick’s love styles

Answer 35

Eros, Ludus, Storge, Pragma, Mania, Agape

Question 36

Eros

Answer 36

Strong physical attraction, emotional intensity, strong preference for physical appearance, sense of inevitability of the relationship

Question 37

Ludus

Answer 37

Love is a game, diverse set of partners over time, deception of partners, lack of disclosure about self and other relationships

Question 38

Storge

Answer 38

Love as friendship, quiet and companionate, no ‘eros’

Question 39

Pragma

Answer 39

Love is a list of characteristics, shopping list for partners, best applied in computer dating

Question 40

Mania

Answer 40

A symptom of love, intense emotions alternating between ecstasy and agony, results in negative outcome

Question 41

Agape

Answer 41

Sacrificial love, places other person’s welfare above one’s own, manifested sporadically

Question 42

What happens to agape love in long term relations?

Answer 42

Balances out, may be evoked by traumatic events like a partner’s illness