Mini Exam 8 Flashcards
What do we find in cave art?
32k years ago with clean sweeping lines, extremely detailed, field guide to animals in the region
What is depicted in 28% of cave drawings?
28% depict animals being hunted
What are the uses of cave drawings?
- Talisman, provide luck for the hunt
- Education, show how to trap and use weapons
- Aesthetic value
Alfred Russel Wallace
Art represents superior intelligence
Barash says art is….
- Cross cultural
color is used for decoration, sounds that constitute music, attention holding stories
Charles Darwin
Art making is the most mysterious habit of life
Art is…
Culturally and temporally bound
Is there a biological nature of art?
Hardwired to produce some form of art that assumes the same form and evoke deep feelings
What is another indicator of a biological root to art?
Develops early in life
Boredom Hypothesis
Social payoff
Boredom Hypothesis?
Art, storytelling developed as result of boredom
Social payoff?
- Music fosters social bonding, group cohesion
- facilitates work in group and solidarity
What does Barash say of literature?
literature is often not believable
consistently depicts important human behavior patterns
Evolutionary nature of art?
Artistic expression appears without special training
Aiken’s questions
yes, then inherited and has purposes related to survival and well-being
Ellen Dissayanake
- universal in human societies
- pre-industrial: enormous amounts of energy placed into art
- Great source of pleasure
- Children predisposed, singing, word play, inventing, music, mark-making
- seen in ceremonial rituals
Gustav Klimt
1945, colored paintings were lost and recently recreated in color through machine learning technology
Romantic love
Worldwide phenomenon from formal marriage arrangement
Marriage
Helen fisher 147/165 known cultures had a form of marriage
what percentage of humans get married?
90%
Polygamy
Although permitted in some cultures often not engaged in by men
Why pair bonding?
- may limit spread of STDs
- allows enough time to raise children
- commitment device to maintain bond between parents
- Facilitates mutual investment in children
Problems solved?
- Provisioning of food, shelter and protection
- Parental caring and socializing
- Sexual access
Benefits of pair bonding
- probability of offspring survival
- increased infant health, low mortality rate
- better resources
- improved social competitiveness
- higher education levels
- increased SES
- later onset of puberty in girls
Ideal Standards Model- Fletcher
There is an abstract concept of an ‘ideal mate’ after evaluation we compare the ‘ideal mate’ to the discrepancy between our individuals perceived charecteristics
Partners are evaluated on the following:
- Capacity for intimacy and commitment
- Attractiveness and Health
- Social status and Resources
Large discrepancies=
Unsatisfactory relationship especially for females
Small discrepancies=
Satisfactory relationship
Ideal Standards Model info used for…
estimate/ evaluate qualities, explain feelings about partners, regulate and adjust relationship standards
Fisher’s Model of Romantic Love
Three phases: Lust, Attraction, Attachment
Fisher’s model: lust
Motivates individuals to seek sexual opportunities (related to brain levels of women: estrogen and men: androgen)
Fisher’s model: Attraction
Individuals crave an emotional attachment and direct attention to specific people (Related to high dopamine, norepinephrine, low serotonin)
Fisher’s model: Attachment
Maintenance of close proximity to partner, reward centers activated with thoughts of partners (women: oxytocin, men: vasopressin)
Emotions in attachment phase…
Comfort, security, emotional dependency
Caveats fisher’s model
- strong romantic love wanes after 4 years
- coincides with reduced parental involvement
- can be activated by multiple partners at a time
Hendrick & Hendrick’s love styles
Eros, Ludus, Storge, Pragma, Mania, Agape
Eros
Strong physical attraction, emotional intensity, strong preference for physical appearance, sense of inevitability of the relationship
Ludus
Love is a game, diverse set of partners over time, deception of partners, lack of disclosure about self and other relationships
Storge
Love as friendship, quiet and companionate, no ‘eros’
Pragma
Love is a list of characteristics, shopping list for partners, best applied in computer dating
Mania
A symptom of love, intense emotions alternating between ecstasy and agony, results in negative outcome
Agape
Sacrificial love, places other person’s welfare above one’s own, manifested sporadically
What happens to agape love in long term relations?
Balances out, may be evoked by traumatic events like a partner’s illness
