Mini exam 2

Question 1

What is prayer?

Answer 1

-Communication with God
-Prayer: It is not the attempt to make present and absent god, but rather the growing of awareness of a God already present. Our reaction to an encounter with God.

Question 2

-Analogy of human relationships:

Answer 2

Communication is very important in any kind of relationship so this is what prayer is like.

Question 3

2 Categories of Praying:

Answer 3

Public prayer (corporate prayer)
-Formal worship in a group
-2 or more gather and talk with God
-Liturgy: formal prayer (SET WORDS, RITUALS, MOUVEMENT THAT WE USE)
-EX: Sunday mass

Private prayer (personal prayer)
-Informal
-When we talk to God by yourself: bedroom, church
-Usually informal: say what’s on our mind
-There is no set gestures of rituals

Question 4

The greatest expression of public Christian prayer:

Answer 4

the Eucharist (church service and communion), mass or divine liturgy

Question 5

Fundamental Christian prayer and its alternative name. Why it is called that?

Answer 5

Our father AKA Lord’s prayer
-It is the prayer that the Lord (Jesus) gave to people, like his disciples when they wanted to learn how to pray.

Question 6

The purposes or prayer 4 main categories :

Answer 6

(A.C.T.S)
it should sort of follow this order when you pray
-A: adoration: worship, praise (telling God how great he is), type of devotion (Eucharist adoration)
-C: contrition: expressing sorrow or grief for one’s sins
-T: thanksgiving: gratitude (appreciation)
-S: supplication: asking for something

Question 7

What book of the bible has been the main source of prayer for Christians from the very beginning:

Answer 7

-The book of Plasms = the Psalter, in the old testament
-There are in total 150 psalms, identified by their number but they are stand alone texts and prayers.
-Early church, people read the old testament as a book about Christ and his premonition, it had a lot of moral teaching.
-All over the book of psalm: related to Christ, these psalms were also the earliest prayers. The earliest prayer book of Christians, was the book of psalms.

Question 8

What is the second most important book of prayer and its alternative name. What event is related to this.

Answer 8

-the hail Mary AKA The angelic salutation (the greeting of the angel)
-Assumption: arc angel Gabriel, when he comes to Mary, hail Mary.
-This is more fundamentally a biblical prayer. First the greeting to Mary, then she visits her sister Elizabeth and she says important things.
-In the catechism of the catholic church: there is an interpretation of the hail Mary

Question 9

Liturgy of the hours:

Answer 9

-AKA the divine office
-Breviary
-There developed certain formal types of prayer throughout the day:
-Vespers (evening prayer)
-Matins (morning prayer)

Question 10

Sacramentals

Answer 10

-What are not official sacraments. Kinds of blessings like with holy water, types of prayer, special mass at a funeral service. The blessing of Holy water starts off as normal tap water, after the blessing it partakes in divine grace, this is why it is a sacramental.

Question 11

(principle of) Sacramentality and the sacramental basis:

Answer 11

God can share his presence through material means, through the church by the power of the holy spirit through the partaking of grace.
-Sacramental basis: incarnation = lord taking on human flesh = it is the matter

Question 12

Incarnation:

Answer 12

Jesus in the human form, the 2 natures of Christ. The flesh comes from Mary.
-When Gabriel talks to Mary (fiat), she says yes to carry Jesus in a human form
-Enfleshment - embodiment (god who is spirit takes on a body of takes on flesh. God takes on matter or material. Something to be seen, touched, heard, smelt

Question 13

Sacraments what makes them legit:

Answer 13

-There are 7 official sacraments
-They must have form and matter

Question 14

What are the first 3 sacraments and what is the category called

Answer 14

-Sacraments of initiation
-How you get into the group
-This is the traditional order, this is how new members of the church were initiated.

-Baptism
-Confirmation-Chrismation
-Eucharist

Question 15

-Baptism:

Answer 15

-Matter: water
-Form: trinitarian formula
-Amount of times you can get it: once.
-Another name: Illumination
-What does baptism do: remission of sins.

-There is a exorcism early on the baptism. A person or thing who does not belong to God belongs to the devil. Its open season for the devil in the creative realm and the exorcism removes any claim the devil has on that child. They are <planting> on that child</planting>

Question 16

-Confirmation (chrismation):

Answer 16

Roman Catholics: grade 7ish.
-Matter: Oil
-Form: Seal of the gift of the Holy Spirit.
-Another name: Chrismation
-Amount of times you can get it: once
-What is it for: Participation of personal Pentecost.

Question 17

-Eucharist:

Answer 17

-Matter: Bread and the wine
-Form: Prayer of consecration
-Another name: Holy communion
-Amount of times you can get it: Ideally, you should get it once a day. Clergy are allowed to have it more than once if they have to perform a service many times throughout the day.
-What is it for: Through the service, the bread and the wine become the blood and body of Christ.

Question 18

Reconciliation

Answer 18

-Matter: Priest would place his hand - say words
-Form: Prayer of absolution
-Another name: Confession, penance
-Amount of times you can get it: as often as necessary
-What is it for: Forgiveness of sins

Question 19

Anointing of the sick

Answer 19

-Matter: oil
-Form: Prayer of healing
-Another name: Last rites (someone who is about to die)
Extreme unction (last resort)
-Amount of times you can get it: As often as necessary
-What is it for: Spiritual and bodily healing

Question 20

What are the 2 sacraments of healing, why

Answer 20

Reconciliation, Anointing of the sick

-When a priest is called to talk to someone who is sick, they do the reconciliation first to heal the spiritual (healing of the soul) and the anointing of the sick

Question 21

Sacramentum:

Answer 21

pledge
-they are mysteries, it dos reveal something but not everything (pulling the vail aside- can’t see all but you can see a little bit)

Question 22

Mystagogy:

Answer 22

leading into the mystery

Question 23

Marriage

Answer 23

-Matter: Rings
-Form: Vows, blessing
-Another name: Holy matrimony
-Amount of times you can get it: Ideally once, but it does happen more sometimes
-What is it for: unitive factor, procreative factor

-If one of the partners withholds sex, that can be a red flag, a problem

Question 24

What are the rules surrounding divorce in the catholic church

Answer 24

Divorce (civil) is easier to get than an annulment but a divorce does not count in the catholic church only annulment. If they get remarried without an annulment it is technically adultering. In a catholic church an annulment is the only way a marriage can be formally dissolved. They make it hard so you can’t just randomly do it just cause it’s easy, it should not be done for frivolous reasons.

Question 25

Holy orders

Answer 25

-Matter: Hands of the bishop
-Form: Prayer of Ordination
-Another name: Sacrament of priesthood
-Amount of times you can get it: As often as necessary. Because there are major and minor orders (deacon, priest, bishop)
-What is it for: Appointment of ministers for the church (ministers=servants)

Question 26

Why is marriage before holy orders in the order of the sacraments

Answer 26

Because in eastern (Ukrainian) tradition, priests can be married and they need to do that before they can be ordained

Question 27

Talking about morality in general:

Answer 27

-Morality: objective truths independent of any religious understanding.
-Everyday things: how people live in response to what god had done for them. Even though we talk about Christian values and morality, there is certain objective morality for every human being regardless of religion. Morality informed by our faith: theology, magisterium, imperial sciences.

Question 28

Secular humanism

Answer 28

(default approach to morality): not religious, it has a certain regard for human life, this is a very common approach to morality today. This goes in hand with atheism “atheism with a heart” they still have a basic sense of morality, not religious but still having a heart.

Question 29

Moral theology:

Answer 29

what’s different for humans, there is an external source like revealed truth which helps us determine what to do

Question 30

Ethics:

Answer 30

can be defined as moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity.

Question 31

Conscience:

Answer 31

it is not just a friend on your shoulder (angel and devil on your shoulders telling you what to do). It is a lifelong process of forming the conscience and it is a general characteristic of human beings regardless of religion.

Question 32

Formation of the conscience:

Answer 32

the household and the parents are responsible to form the conscience. In the faith perspective: catholic school and religion also plays a role in the formation.

Question 33

What is the difference between human and beast:

Answer 33

Man is called to communion with God. Another answer is free will, capacity for rational thought and the conscience.

Question 34

General moral belief:
The Christian version of this:

Answer 34

Do good, avoid evil.
The golden rule; Do onto others as you would want them to do to you.

Question 35

Fundamental value in morality:

Answer 35

always the human person and their relationship with society (their fellow human beings).

Question 36

Moral evil:

Answer 36

brought about by deliberate human action. (kill people with a gun just because).

Question 37

Somethings are considered to be pre-moral evils:

Answer 37

-actions that are objectively understood to be evil without getting into debate.
-physical evil
-Example: The ending of human life.

-Physical evil (premoral evil): something outside of human control. (the people who died in the earthquakes in Turkey). (kids who dies of cancer=tragedy, vs. grandma whod died of old age= sad but not really a a tragedy)

Question 38

Immoral NOT THE SAME AS illegal:

Answer 38

-Just because abortion is legal it does not mean it is moral

Question 39

Moral relativism:

Answer 39

-There is a standard of morality that Christians ad atheists agree upon (moral relativism). When we do bring in any specific religious understanding, then morality is related to a specific theological topic, talking about sins.
-Related to the loss of the presence of God in our life.will vary with the situation we find ourselves

Question 40

-Social relativists:

Answer 40

whatever a particular society accept and approve as a regular morality

Question 41

-Personal relativists:

Answer 41

the principle criteria of morality is ones personal satisfaction

Question 42

-Hedonism:

Answer 42

lot’s of people tend to do this: it is the pursuit of maximum pleasure and the avoidance of pain and discomfort (emotional, physical, mental). Ex: rich young man who spends all day on the beach and does what he wants without thinking of what it does to others. When that is the only principle of your life then it is personal relativism.

Question 43

What do we usually consider to be the foundation for Christian morality (taught in elementary school):

Answer 43

10 commandments. Starts with Moses and the covenant some of which govern how to construct their place of meeting, how to do sacrifices and moral considerations. It sets up the laws by which they will act in regards to God and each other.

Question 44

-The 10 commandments are related to 2 fundamental rules (prior to the 10 commandments): and which commandments fit in each category.

Answer 44

1. The lord is one and you will love him with everything 2. You should love your neighbour as yourself. (love God and love neighbour). What is is all about is how we carry out these 2 main commandments (these commandment and in the old testament and in the Torah).
   -First 3 commandments are related to the lord is one and you will love him with everything
   -Last 7 commandments are related to You should love your neighbour as yourself

Question 45

What are the last 2 sacraments

Answer 45

Marriage
Holy orders

Question 46

Moral and premoral evil common idea

Answer 46

These 2 ideas: this premature ending of human life,

Question 47

Why is sin a theological reality:

Answer 47

it has to do with one’s relationship with god, if there is no god there is no sin. You can have crime and injustice but sin is more of a theological matter.

-There has been a decline in the notion of sin in modern society which seems linked to a decline in moral responsibility. In general people deflect responsibility for stuff they have done, like blaming society etc.

Question 48

Classic definition of sin:

Answer 48

The damaging or total rupturing of our love relationship with God in Jesus.

-Understanding sin = illness. (sinfulness) (our spiritual state being related to our physical state)

Question 49

What is the name of the story in the bible that teaches us God’s compassion for sinners and why is it called this?

Answer 49

Parable of the prodigal son (Luke 15;11-32) AKA the compassionate father
-History of human sin a divine forgiveness: story in the bible:
-VERSES 18-21: The sons conversion moment of going back to his father, he plans what he is going to say to him and says it to him. Sin is always against God even if he sinned to his dad. If we fail to love another person, we fail to love God. This teaches us the compassion of God for sinners.